As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 2, 2004
Registration No. 333-115436
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Amendment No. 4 to
Form S-11
FOR REGISTRATION UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
OF SECURITIES OF CERTAIN REAL ESTATE COMPANIES
EXTRA SPACE STORAGE INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Governing Instruments)
2795 East Cottonwood Parkway, Suite 400
Salt Lake City, UT 84121
(801) 562-5556
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, including Area Code, of Registrants Principal Executive Offices)
Kenneth M. Woolley
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Extra Space Storage Inc.
2795 East Cottonwood Parkway, Suite 400
Salt Lake City, UT 84121
(801) 562-5556
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
Jay L. Bernstein, Esq. Andrew S. Epstein, Esq. Clifford Chance US LLP 31 West 52nd Street New York, New York 10019 (212) 878-8000 |
J. Warren Gorrell, Jr., Esq. Stuart A. Barr, Esq. Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. 555 Thirteenth Street, NW Washington, DC 20004 (202) 637-5600 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.
If this form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. ¨
If delivery of this prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, check the following box. ¨
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS | Subject to Completion | August 2, 2004 |
20,200,000 Shares
Common Stock
This is our initial public offering of shares of our common stock. We are offering all shares of our common stock. All of the shares being offered by this prospectus are being sold by us. No public market currently exists for our common stock. We intend to elect to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes.
The initial offering price of our common stock is expected to be between $13.00 and $15.00 per share. Our shares have been approved for listing subject to official notice of issuance on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol EXR.
The shares of our common stock are subject to certain restrictions on ownership and transfer intended to preserve our qualification as a REIT. See Description of StockRestrictions on Transfer.
Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any shares, you should read the discussion of some risks of investing in our common stock in Risk Factors beginning on page 21, including, among others:
Ø | We may not be successful in identifying and consummating suitable acquisitions that meet our criteria, which may impede our growth and negatively affect our results of operations. |
Ø | Our ability to pay our estimated initial annual distribution, which represents approximately 140.1% of our estimated cash available for distribution to our common stockholders for the 12 months ending March 31, 2005, depends upon our actual operating results, and we may have to borrow funds under our proposed line of credit to pay this distribution, which could slow our growth. |
Ø | We have high concentrations of self-storage properties in the California, Massachusetts and New Jersey markets, and changes in the economic climates of these markets may materially adversely affect us. |
Ø | Our operating results will be harmed if we are unable to achieve and sustain high occupancy rates at our 28 lease-up properties. |
Ø | Required payments of principal and interest on borrowings may leave us with insufficient cash to operate our properties or to pay the distributions currently contemplated or necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT and may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations. |
Ø | Our failure to qualify as a REIT would have significant adverse consequences to us and the value of our stock. |
Ø | Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, our two largest stockholders, Kenneth M. Woolley, who is our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Spencer F. Kirk, who is one of our other directors, and their respective affiliates will own 5.9% and 8.6%, respectively, of our outstanding common stock on a fully-diluted basis and will have the ability to exercise significant control of our company and any matter presented to our stockholders. |
Ø | We could become highly leveraged in the future because our organizational documents contain no limitation on the amount of debt we may incur. |
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
Per Share | Total | |||
Public offering price |
$ | $ | ||
Underwriting discounts and commissions(1) |
$ | $ | ||
Proceeds, before expenses, to us |
$ | $ |
(1) | Excludes a financial advisory fee of % of the public offering price in aggregate payable to UBS Securities LLC and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated. |
The underwriters may also purchase up to 3,030,000 additional shares of common stock from us at the public offering price, less underwriting discounts and commissions, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus. The underwriters may exercise this option only to cover over-allotments, if any.
The underwriters are offering the common stock as set forth under Underwriting. Delivery of the shares of common stock will be made on or about , 2004.
UBS Investment Bank |
Merrill Lynch & Co. |
A.G. Edwards
Banc of America Securities LLC
Raymond James
RBC Capital Markets
Wells Fargo Securities, LLC
[PICTURES, TEXT AND GRAPHICS FOR INSIDE FRONT COVER]
You should rely on the information contained in this prospectus. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with information different from that contained in this prospectus. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, shares of our common stock only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or any sale of common stock.
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Certain provisions of Maryland law and of our charter and bylaws |
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F-1 |
Through and including , 2004 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), federal securities laws may require all dealers that effect transactions in our common stock, whether or not participating in the offering, to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
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You should read the following summary together with the more detailed information regarding our company, including under the caption Risk Factors, and the historical and pro forma financial statements, including the related notes, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. Unless the context otherwise requires or indicates, references in this prospectus to Extra Space Storage, we, our company, our and us refer to Extra Space Storage Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with our consolidated subsidiaries, including Extra Space Storage LP, a Delaware limited partnership, which we refer to in this prospectus as our operating partnership, Extra Space Management, Inc., a Utah corporation, which we refer to in this prospectus as our taxable REIT subsidiary, and Extra Space Storage LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and its affiliates which we refer to in this prospectus as the Extra Space Predecessor or our predecessor. Unless the context otherwise indicates, the information about our company assumes that the formation transactions described in this prospectus have been completed. In addition, the information contained in this prospectus assumes that the underwriters over-allotment option is not exercised, and the common stock to be sold in the offering is sold at $14.00 per share, which is the mid-point of the price range indicated on the cover page of this prospectus. References to common stock exclude contingent conversion shares, or CCSs, unless otherwise indicated.
We are a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust formed to continue the business commenced in 1977 by our predecessor companies to own, operate, acquire, develop and redevelop professionally managed self-storage properties. Since 1996, our fully integrated development and acquisition teams have completed the development or acquisition of more than 100 self-storage properties and continue to evaluate a range of new growth initiatives and opportunities for our company. To enable us to maximize revenue generating opportunities for our properties, we employ a state-of-the-art proprietary web-based tracking and yield management technology called STORE. Developed by our management team, STORE enables us to analyze, set and adjust rental rates in real time across our portfolio in order to respond to changing market conditions.
Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we will own and operate 136 self-storage properties located in 20 states, 118 of which are wholly owned and 18 of which are held in joint ventures with third parties, and we also manage for unaffiliated third parties an additional nine properties. Our properties are generally situated in convenient, highly-visible locations regionally clustered around high-density, high-income population centers, such as Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York/Northern New Jersey and San Francisco. Our properties contain an aggregate of approximately 8.9 million net rentable square feet of space configured in approximately 84,800 separate storage units. As of May 31, 2004, our stabilized portfolio (which consists of 108 properties) was on average 87.4% occupied, while our lease-up portfolio (which consists of 28 properties) was on average 62.4% occupied. We consider a property to be in the lease-up stage after it has been issued a certificate of occupancy but before it has achieved stabilization. We consider a property to be stabilized once it either has achieved an 85% occupancy rate, or has been open for four years. Over the next 24 months, we expect our lease-up properties to achieve 85% occupancy, which we believe is in-line with lease-up periods typical in the self-storage industry.
As of May 31, 2004, we had more than 70,000 tenants leasing storage units at our 136 properties, primarily on a month-to-month basis, providing us with flexibility to increase rental rates over time as market conditions permit. Although our leases are short-term in duration, our typical tenant tends to
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remain at our properties for an extended period of time. For properties that were stabilized as of May 31, 2004, the average length of stay for our tenants was approximately 16 months.
Members of our senior management team have significant experience in all aspects of the self-storage industry, with an average of more than nine years of industry experience. Our senior management team has collectively acquired and/or developed more than 176 properties during the past 25 years for our predecessor and other entities. Kenneth M. Woolley, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Richard S. Tanner, our Senior Vice President, East Coast Development, have worked in the self-storage industry since 1977 and led two of the earlier self-storage facility development projects in the United States. In addition, eight members of our management team have worked together for our predecessors for more than five years. Members of this management team have guided our predecessor through substantial growth, developing and acquiring $699.0 million in assets since 1996. Our senior management team funded this growth with internal funds and more than $245.0 million raised in private equity capital since 1998, largely from sophisticated, high net-worth individuals and institutional investors such as affiliates of Prudential Financial, Inc. and Fidelity Investments. Mr. Woolley, along with Spencer F. Kirk, one of our directors, and our senior executive officers may be considered promoters with respect to the company. See ManagementDirectors and Executive Officers.
Our principal corporate offices are located at 2795 East Cottonwood Parkway, Suite 400, Salt Lake City, Utah 84121, our website address is www.extraspace.com and our telephone number is (801) 562-5556. The information included in our website is not considered to be a part of this prospectus. Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, substantially all of our business will be conducted through Extra Space Storage LP, our operating partnership, and our primary assets will be our general partner and limited partner interests in Extra Space Storage LP. This structure is commonly referred to as an umbrella partnership REIT, or UPREIT.
Self-storage refers to properties that offer do-it-yourself, month-to-month storage space rental for personal or business use. Self-storage provides a convenient way for individuals and businesses to store their possessions, whether due to a life-change, or simply because of a need for extra storage space. According to the 2004 Self-Storage Almanac, there were approximately 37,000 self-storage properties in the United States in 2003 with an average occupancy rate of 84.6%, compared with approximately 19,500 U.S. self-storage properties in 1992 with an average occupancy rate of 84.8%. As population densities have increased in the United States, there has been an increase in self-storage awareness and development, which we expect will continue in the future.
The self-storage industry is also characterized by fragmented ownership. According to the 2004 Self-Storage Almanac, as of December 31, 2003, the top five and top 50 self-storage companies in the United States owned only approximately 10.2% and 15.7%, respectively, of the total U.S. self-storage properties. We believe this market fragmentation will provide opportunities for continued consolidation in the self-storage industry, particularly for well-capitalized, publicly-traded companies with experienced acquisition teams.
We have found that the factors most important to tenants when choosing a self-storage site are a convenient location, a clean environment, friendly service and a professional helpful staff. Our experience also indicates that successfully competing in the self-storage industry requires an experienced and dedicated management team that is supported by an efficient and flexible operating platform that is responsive to tenants needs and expectations.
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COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS
We believe we distinguish ourselves from other owners, operators and developers of self-storage properties in a number of ways and enjoy significant competitive strengths, which include:
Ø | Geographic Diversity Combined with Concentration in Strong Markets. |
Our properties are generally situated in convenient, highly-visible locations clustered around large population centers such as Boston, Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, New York/Northern New Jersey and San Francisco. The clustering of our assets around these population centers enables us to reduce our operating costs through economies of scale. At the same time, we believe that the significant size and overall geographic diversification of our portfolio reduces risks associated with economic downturns or natural disasters in any one market in which we operate.
Ø | Strong Property and Operating Management Capabilities. |
We have developed and utilize a comprehensive centralized approach to property and operational management to maximize the operating performance of our properties. We use STORE to support all aspects of our property management operations, enabling our management team to centrally analyze, set and adjust rental rates in real time on a case-by-case basis across our entire portfolio to maximize revenue-generating opportunities.
Ø | Consumer Oriented Marketing Approach. |
Our property management and operations groups are supported by our marketing team that provides sales, marketing and advertising support for our properties and operations. We employ highly targeted direct response marketing programs, such as direct mail and coupon mailers, in combination with more broad-based marketing initiatives such as advertising in the Yellow Pages and on the internet.
Ø | Successful Acquirer and Developer of Properties. |
Our fully-integrated development and acquisition teams have completed the development or acquisition of more than 100 different self-storage properties since 1996. In addition, we have entered into agreements to acquire 29 properties from unaffiliated third parties upon completion of the offering. We believe that we have developed a reputation as a trusted and reliable buyer. In addition, following completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we expect to be one of only two publicly-traded REITs in the self-storage industry that is organized in the UPREIT format, which will enable us to acquire new properties from tax-deferred transactions.
Ø | Experienced Senior Management Team. |
Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Kenneth M. Woolley, and our co-founder, Richard S. Tanner, have been in the self-storage business for more than 25 years. Together, they have acquired or developed more than 176 self-storage properties. Our senior management team has an average of more than nine years of self-storage experience.
Ø | Nationally-Recognized Institutional Joint Venture Partners. |
We have developed and/or acquired more than 70 properties since 1999 employing strategic joint ventures with nationally-recognized institutional investors such as affiliates of Prudential Financial, Inc. and Fidelity Investments. We believe our reputation for quality within our industry, and our management and development expertise, make us an attractive strategic partner for institutional investors.
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BUSINESS AND GROWTH STRATEGIES
Our primary business objectives are to maximize cash flow available for distribution to our stockholders and to achieve sustainable long-term growth in cash flow per share in order to maximize long-term stockholder value. Our business strategy to achieve these objectives consists of the following elements:
Ø | Maximize Cash Flow at Our Properties. |
We will seek to maximize revenue generating opportunities by responding to changing local market conditions through interactive yield management of the rental rates at our properties.
Ø | Pursue Opportunities to Acquire Privately-Held Self-Storage Portfolios. |
We intend to selectively acquire, for cash or by utilizing units in our operating partnership as acquisition currency, privately-held self-storage portfolios and single self-storage assets in our target markets.
Ø | Strategically Select and Develop Sites. |
We plan to continue to expand also by selecting and developing new self-storage properties with cost-effective, appealing construction in desirable areas based on specific data, including visibility and convenience of location, market occupancy and rental rates, market saturation, traffic count, household density, median household income, barriers to entry and future demographic and migration trends. As of July 15, 2004 we had 12 undeveloped parcels of land under contract that we believe are suitable for new property developments and are proceeding with the requisite due diligence for these properties. We also have a right of first refusal with respect to sales of the interests in the 13 early-stage development properties owned by Extra Space Development LLC and the two early-stage lease-up stage properties owned by third party individuals as well as certain of our executive officers and directors. We also are currently reviewing more than 22 other sites that we believe may also be suitable development candidates.
Ø | Continue Joint Venture Strategy to Pursue Development Opportunities and Enhance Returns. |
We plan to grow our business by continuing our development activities in conjunction with our joint venture partners, while mitigating the risks normally associated with early-stage development and lease-up activities. Where appropriate, we will also seek to acquire properties in a capital efficient manner in conjunction with our joint venture partners.
You should carefully consider the matters discussed in the section Risk Factors beginning on page 21 prior to deciding whether to invest in our common stock. Some of the risks include:
Ø | We may not be successful in identifying and consummating suitable acquisitions that meet our criteria, which may impede our growth and negatively affect our results of operations. |
Ø | Our ability to pay our estimated initial annual distribution, which represents approximately 140.1% of our estimated cash available for distribution to our common stockholders for the 12 months ending March 31, 2005, depends upon our actual operating results, and we may have to borrow funds under our proposed line of credit to pay this distribution, which could slow our growth. |
Ø | We have high concentrations of self-storage properties in the California, Massachusetts and New Jersey markets, and changes in the economic climates of these markets may materially adversely affect us. |
Ø | Our operating results will be harmed if we are unable to achieve and sustain high occupancy rates at our 28 lease-up properties. |
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Ø | Required payments of principal and interest on borrowings may leave us with insufficient cash to operate our properties or to pay the distributions currently contemplated or necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT and may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations. |
Ø | Our failure to qualify as a REIT would have significant adverse consequences to us and the value of our stock. |
Ø | Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, our two largest stockholders, Kenneth M. Woolley, who is our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Spencer F. Kirk, who is one of our other directors, and their respective affiliates will own 5.9% and 8.6%, respectively, of our outstanding common stock on a fully-diluted basis and will have the ability to exercise significant control of our company and any matter presented to our stockholders. |
Ø | Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and other members of our senior management have outside business interests which could divert their time and attention away from us, which could harm our business. |
Ø | Our business could be harmed if key personnel with long-standing business relationships in the self-storage industry terminate their employment with us. |
Ø | Our investments in development and redevelopment projects may not yield anticipated returns, which would harm our operating results and reduce the amount of funds available for distributions. |
Ø | We may assume unknown liabilities in connection with the formation transactions. |
Ø | If you purchase shares of common stock in the offering, you will experience immediate and significant dilution in the book value of our common stock offered in the offering equal to $5.55 per share. |
Ø | We could become highly leveraged in the future because our organizational documents contain no limitation on the amount of debt we may incur. |
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Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we will own and operate 136 self-storage properties located in 20 states, 118 of which are wholly owned and 18 of which are held in joint ventures with third parties. The following tables set forth summary information regarding our 108 stabilized and our 28 lease-up properties:
Stabilized Property Data
Number of |
Net Rentable |
Occupancy Rate |
Occupancy |
|||||||||
State | Properties | Units | ||||||||||
Wholly Owned Properties: |
||||||||||||
California |
18 | 11,175 | 1,166,967 | 88.9 | % | 88.1 | % | |||||
Massachusetts |
19 | 9,538 | 1,033,585 | 81.6 | % | 78.8 | % | |||||
Florida |
14 | 9,394 | 941,656 | 90.3 | % | 87.7 | % | |||||
New Jersey |
10 | 8,172 | 805,048 | 87.8 | % | 85.8 | % | |||||
Texas |
7 | 4,287 | 463,143 | 85.7 | % | 85.2 | % | |||||
Georgia |
5 | 2,688 | 357,228 | 85.2 | % | 83.1 | % | |||||
Pennsylvania |
4 | 2,122 | 246,551 | 85.7 | % | 86.3 | % | |||||
South Carolina |
4 | 2,090 | 246,969 | 91.8 | % | 88.7 | % | |||||
Colorado |
4 | 1,801 | 231,608 | 86.1 | % | 82.8 | % | |||||
Louisiana |
2 | 1,411 | 147,900 | 92.5 | % | 90.1 | % | |||||
Missouri |
2 | 808 | 97,517 | 90.1 | % | 89.8 | % | |||||
Virginia |
1 | 551 | 73,310 | 91.4 | % | 78.6 | % | |||||
Utah |
1 | 551 | 72,750 | 87.6 | % | 79.5 | % | |||||
New Hampshire |
1 | 623 | 72,600 | 86.3 | % | 91.6 | % | |||||
New York |
1 | 1,270 | 58,526 | 89.1 | % | 87.5 | % | |||||
Arizona |
1 | 480 | 57,630 | 98.2 | % | 84.1 | % | |||||
Nevada |
1 | 460 | 56,500 | 88.8 | % | 90.1 | % | |||||
Total Wholly Owned Properties |
95 | 57,421 | 6,129,488 | 87.2 | % | 84.8 | % | |||||
Properties Held in Joint Ventures: |
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California |
7 | 3,851 | 400,363 | 89.4 | % | 87.3 | % | |||||
New Hampshire |
2 | 801 | 83,675 | 90.6 | % | 87.1 | % | |||||
New Jersey |
2 | 1,737 | 166,845 | 83.0 | % | 81.3 | % | |||||
New York |
2 | 1,515 | 136,919 | 86.0 | % | 83.7 | % | |||||
Total Properties Held in Joint Ventures |
13 | 7,904 | 787,802 | 87.6 | % | 85.4 | % | |||||
Total Stabilized Properties |
108 | 65,325 | 6,917,290 | 87.4 | % | 84.9 | % | |||||
(1) | Occupancy rate is the total occupied square feet divided by total net rentable square feet. |
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Lease-Up Property Data
Number of |
Net Rentable Square Feet |
Occupancy Rate at May 31, |
Occupancy Rate at December 31, |
|||||||||
State | Properties | Units | ||||||||||
Wholly Owned Properties: |
||||||||||||
Massachusetts |
6 | 3,511 | 375,505 | 45.7 | % | 39.0 | % | |||||
California |
4 | 2,319 | 267,622 | 63.5 | % | 51.2 | % | |||||
New York |
3 | 2,522 | 207,821 | 65.2 | % | 62.1 | % | |||||
New Jersey |
3 | 2,584 | 201,223 | 52.6 | % | 42.2 | % | |||||
Pennsylvania |
2 | 1,473 | 186,154 | 82.5 | % | 82.7 | % | |||||
Illinois |
2 | 1,140 | 145,315 | 51.6 | % | 40.1 | % | |||||
Maryland |
1 | 925 | 144,980 | 75.8 | % | 82.2 | % | |||||
Connecticut |
2 | 1,377 | 124,540 | 44.9 | % | 51.0 | % | |||||
Total Wholly Owned Properties |
23 | 15,851 | 1,653,160 | 59.1 | % | 53.3 | % | |||||
Properties Held in Joint Ventures: |
||||||||||||
California |
2 | 1,412 | 150,415 | 80.9 | % | 67.6 | % | |||||
Pennsylvania |
1 | 916 | 73,125 | 78.6 | % | 70.7 | % | |||||
New York |
1 | 657 | 60,070 | 78.7 | % | 74.4 | % | |||||
New Jersey |
1 | 664 | 58,650 | 78.8 | % | 71.0 | % | |||||
Total Properties Held in Joint Ventures |
5 | 3,649 | 342,260 | 78.6 | % | 70.7 | % | |||||
Total Lease-Up Properties |
28 | 19,500 | 1,995,420 | 62.4 | % | 56.5 | % | |||||
(1) | Occupancy rate is the total occupied square feet divided by total net rentable square feet. |
We currently conduct our business relating to the ownership, operation, acquisition, development and redevelopment of self-storage properties through our predecessor, Extra Space Storage LLC, which is organized as a Delaware limited liability company, and certain affiliated companies. The ownership interests in Extra Space Storage LLC consist of Class A (voting and non-voting), Class B, Class C and Class E membership interests, which are held by Kenneth M. Woolley, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and his affiliates, other members of our senior management team and their affiliates, certain of our employees, and other third-party investors. We refer to the Class A, Class B, Class C and Class E membership interests collectively as the membership interests. Our existing portfolio of properties is held directly by Extra Space Storage LLC, by its wholly owned subsidiaries or in joint ventures with third-party investors. A transfer of assets to the company will be accounted for at the predecessors historical cost as a transfer of assets between companies under common control.
Contribution and Exchange by Members of Extra Space Storage LLC
Prior to or concurrently with the closing of the offering, we will engage in a series of transactions, which we refer to in this prospectus as the formation transactions, that are intended to reorganize our company, facilitate the offering, refinance our existing indebtedness and allow the owners of our predecessor and certain affiliated companies to exchange their existing membership interests for 8,095,003 shares of common stock, 1,573,557 units of limited partnership interests in our operating partnership, or OP units, 3,437,564 CCSs and 213,230 contingent conversion units, or CCUs, which we refer to collectively in this section as equity securities, and $26.8 million in cash. Pursuant to this exchange, we will acquire our predecessor, including its portfolio of 107 properties, which includes 14 early-stage lease-up properties. We will issue the CCSs and CCUs in exchange for the contribution by the owners of our
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predecessor of their indirect interest in 14 early-stage lease-up properties which we will wholly own through various subsidiaries of our operating partnership upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions.
CCSs and CCUs will generally not carry any voting rights or entitle their holders to receive distributions. Upon the achievement of certain performance thresholds relating to the 14 lease-up properties described above, all or a portion of the CCSs and the CCUs will be automatically converted into shares of our common stock or OP units, as described elsewhere in this prospectus. Initially, each CCS and CCU will be convertible on a one-for-one basis into shares of common stock or OP units, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustments. These performance thresholds have been structured to result in the conversion of CCSs into shares of common stock and CCUs into OP units on a proportionate basis as the net operating income produced by the 14 early-stage lease-up properties grows from $5.1 million to $9.7 million over any of the 12-month measurement periods commencing with the 12 months ending March 31, 2006 and ending with the 12 months ending December 31, 2008. For the 12-month period ended March 31, 2004, the net operating income produced by these lease-up properties (which were 37.5% occupied on a weighted average basis as of the end of this period) totaled $142,484. This means that none of the CCS or CCUs will convert into shares of common stock or OP units until the net operating income produced by these lease up properties is in excess of $5.1 million over any of the 12-month measurement periods. No CCSs or CCUs will be convertible prior to March 31, 2006 nor for any measurement period after December 31, 2008. See Formation TransactionsContribution and Exchange by Members of Extra Space Storage LLC, Description of StockContingent Conversion Shares and Extra Space Storage LP Partnership AgreementContingent Conversion Units.
Based upon the initial public offering price of our common stock, the aggregate value of the shares of common stock and OP units to be issued in the formation transactions is approximately $135.4 million, which is in addition to the approximately $26.8 million in cash that will be paid to certain unaffiliated third-party holders of the Class A, Class B and Class C membership interests. Further, the aggregate value of the CCSs and CCUs issued in the formation transactions is approximately $51.1 million, assuming conversion of all such CCSs and CCUs. The aggregate historical combined net tangible book value of the Class A, Class B and Class C membership interests to be contributed to us was approximately $0, $(25.3) million and $29.6 million, respectively, as of March 31, 2004. The existing holders of membership interests in Extra Space Storage LLC who will receive equity securities include members of our board of directors and members of our senior management team. The aggregate number of equity securities to be received by each such person and his or her affiliates and the net tangible book value attributable to the membership interests to be contributed to us are set forth below under the heading Benefits to Related Parties.
Joint Venture Restructuring
In connection with the formation transactions, we have acquired or will acquire the interests of our joint venture partners in all but three of our existing joint ventures to be funded in part out of the net proceeds of the offering. Our operating partnership has acquired or will acquire the joint venture interests held by various third parties unrelated to our management, for an aggregate of $114.8 million in cash and OP units having an aggregate value (based on the initial public offering price) of approximately $14.0 million.
Extra Space Development LLC
Effective January 1, 2004, our predecessor distributed to certain holders of its Class A membership interests, 100% of the membership interests in Extra Space Development LLC, which was previously a wholly owned subsidiary of our predecessor. Extra Space Development LLC owns, and upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions will continue to own, interests in 13 early-stage development
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wholly owned subsidiary of our predecessor. Extra Space Development LLC owns, and upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions will continue to own, interests in 13 early-stage development properties and two parcels of undeveloped land, which are currently subject to significant construction-related indebtedness and have been incurring substantial development-related expenditures. Extra Space Development LLC has granted us a right of first refusal with respect to its interests in the 13 properties described above. Extra Space Development LLC will continue to hold its interests in 13 properties to which we hold a right of first refusal upon the completion of the formation transactions. Extra Space Development LLC intends to enter into agreements with third parties to receive management and development services. Extra Space Development LLC is owned by third-party individuals, as well as by executive officers and directors in the following approximate percentages: Kenneth M. Woolley (33%), Spencer F. Kirk (33%), Richard S. Tanner (7%), Kent Christensen (3%), Charles L. Allen (2%), David L. Rasmussen (0.5%) and Timothy Arthurs (0.5%). For financial reporting purposes, our predecessor continues to consolidate these properties pursuant to certain financial guarantees. These properties will be de-consolidated upon the elimination of the guarantees prior to completion of the offering.
Acquisition of Storage Spot Properties
Effective May 28, 2004, Extra Space Storage LLC entered into a purchase and sale agreement with Storage Spot Properties No. 1, L.P. and Storage Spot Properties No. 4, L.P. for the acquisition of 26 self-storage properties for which the purchase price under this agreement is $147.0 million. For the year ended December 31, 2003, the net revenues less bad debt expenses for these properties totaled $16.0 million. None of the sellers are currently our affiliates. Hugh W. Horne is president of Storage World Properties GP No. 1, LLC and Storage World Properties GP No. 4, LLC, the general partners of the selling parties under the agreement. In connection with this transaction, we agreed to name Mr. Horne as a director of our company effective upon the closing of this offering. Additionally, if at any time prior to February 15, 2006, Hugh W. Horne is not serving as one of our directors, Storage Spot shall have the right to have one representative present at all meetings of our board of directors and all of our board committees during such time. The purchase and sale agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants and is subject to customary closing conditions (such as those relating to the accuracy of representations and warranties and the performance of covenants contained in the purchase and sale agreement) as well as the completion of the offering. Our predecessor has deposited $3.0 million in escrow under the purchase and sale agreement. Storage Spot may be entitled to receive up to an additional $5.0 million cash consideration depending upon the performance of the 26 properties for the 12 months ending December 31, 2005. Under this earn-out provision, we have agreed to pay in February 2006, $8.45 for each dollar that the net revenues from these properties for calendar year 2005 exceeds $17.9 million, up to a maximum of $5.0 million. The entire $5.0 million is also payable upon the occurrence of certain other conditions, including any change of control of the purchaser or a third-party sale of any of the 26 properties prior to December 31, 2005. Our predecessors obligation to pay any additional funds will be guaranteed by our operating partnership. Subject to customary closing conditions, including the completion of due diligence, we expect this transaction to close concurrently with the completion of the offering and to be funded with the net proceeds of the offering. See Use of Proceeds.
Centershift, Inc.
Effective January 1, 2004, we entered into a license agreement with Centershift, Inc. which secures for our company a perpetual right to continue to enjoy the benefits of STORE in all aspects of our property acquisition, development, redevelopment and operational activities, while the cost of maintaining the infrastructure required to support this product remains the responsibility of Centershift. This license agreement provides for an annual license fee payable by us which we estimate for the year ending December 31, 2004 will aggregate approximately $130,000, in exchange for which we will receive all
9
Centershift is required to secure our consent before entering into a license covering STORE with other publicly-traded self-storage companies. Centershift is owned by third-party individuals, as well as by executive officers and directors in the following approximate percentages: Kenneth M. Woolley (28%), Spencer F. Kirk (29%), Richard S. Tanner (7%), Kent Christensen (3%), Charles L. Allen (2%), David L. Rasmussen (0.4%) and Timothy Arthurs (0.4%).
The following chart reflects our corporate organization upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions:
10
Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, our senior executive officers and members of our board of directors will receive material financial and other benefits, as shown below. For a more detailed discussion of these benefits see Management, Benefits to Related Parties and Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.
Formation Transactions
In connection with the formation transactions, the following executive officers, directors and director nominees of our company will exchange membership interests in our predecessor for securities in our company and in our operating partnership, as described below:
Name |
Securities Received | |
Kenneth M. Woolley |
Together with his affiliates, 1,664,309 shares of common stock, 150,413 OP units, 706,755 CCSs and 63,873 CCUs (with a combined aggregate value of approximately $36.2 million) in exchange for membership interests having an aggregate net tangible book value attributable to such interests as of March 31, 2004 of approximately $1.8 million. | |
Spencer F. Kirk |
Together with his affiliates, 2,425,137 shares of common stock and 1,029,842 CCSs (with a combined aggregate value of approximately $48.4 million) in exchange for membership interests having an aggregate net tangible book value attributable to such interests as of March 31, 2004 of approximately $(2.7) million. | |
Kent W. Christensen |
146,458 shares of common stock and 62,194 CCSs (with a combined aggregate value of approximately $2.9 million) in exchange for membership interests having an aggregate net tangible book value attributable to such interests as of March 31, 2004 of approximately zero dollars. | |
Charles L. Allen |
117,984 shares of common stock and 50,102 CCSs (with a combined aggregate value of approximately $2.4 million) in exchange for membership interests having an aggregate net tangible book value attributable to such interests as of March 31, 2004 of approximately $0.2 million. | |
Timothy Arthurs |
38,462 shares of common stock and 16,333 CCSs (with a combined aggregate value of approximately $0.77 million) in exchange for membership interests having an aggregate net tangible book value attributable to such interests as of March 31, 2004 of approximately $0.1 million. | |
David L. Rasmussen |
29,704 shares of common stock and 12,614 CCSs (with a combined aggregate value of approximately $0.59 million) in exchange for membership interests having an aggregate net tangible book value attributable to such interests as of March 31, 2004 of approximately $0.1 million. | |
Richard S. Tanner |
Together with his affiliates, 494,153 shares of common stock, 50,138 OP units, 209,844 CCSs and 21,291 CCUs (with a combined aggregate value of approximately $10.8 million) in exchange membership interests having an aggregate net tangible book value attributable to such interests as of March 31, 2004 of approximately $(0.5) million. | |
Anthony Fanticola |
531,676 shares of common stock and 225,776 CCSs (with a combined aggregate value of approximately $10.6 million ) to affiliates of Anthony Fanticola in exchange for membership interests having an aggregate book value attributable to such interests as of March 31, 2004 of approximately $4.7 million. |
11
Release of Guarantees
Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, the following individuals will be released from guarantees related to the indebtedness described below:
Name |
Guarantees Released | |
Kenneth M. Woolley |
Release of guarantees of approximately $64.9 million of outstanding indebtedness. | |
Spencer F. Kirk |
Release of guarantees of approximately $17.3 million of outstanding indebtedness. |
Employment Agreements
Upon closing of the offering, Kenneth M. Woolley, Kent W. Christensen and Charles L. Allen each will enter into an employment agreement with our company each of which will have a term of three years, with automatic one year renewals and will provide for an annual base salary, eligibility for annual bonuses, eligibility for participation in our 2004 long-term stock incentive plan and participation in all of the employee benefit plans and arrangements made available by us to our similarly situated executives.
Stock Options
Upon closing of the offering, stock options, with a vesting period of four years, will be granted to the following individuals to purchase the number of shares of our common stock set forth below, with an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price:
Name |
Number | |
Kenneth M. Woolley |
150,000 | |
Spencer F. Kirk |
30,000 | |
Kent W. Christensen |
100,000 | |
Charles L. Allen |
65,000 | |
Timothy Arthurs |
65,000 | |
David L. Rasmussen |
45,000 | |
Richard S. Tanner |
45,000 | |
Anthony Fanticola |
30,000 | |
Hugh W. Horne |
30,000 | |
Dean Jernigan |
30,000 | |
Roger B. Porter |
30,000 | |
K. Fred Skousen |
30,000 | |
Total |
650,000 | |
Acquisition of Extra Space Management, Inc.
In order to bring our predecessors employees and employee benefit programs within our organizational structure, on March 31, 2004, our predecessor acquired Extra Space Management, Inc. from Kenneth M. Woolley, Spencer M. Kirk and Richard S. Tanner for an aggregate of approximately $184,000. Upon the completion of the offering and the formation transactions, Extra Space Management, Inc. will become our taxable REIT subsidiary and will be responsible for all property management operations that we perform for properties owned by third parties.
12
Registration Rights Agreement
As holders of OP units, common stock and/or CCSs, our executive officers and directors will receive registration rights with respect to shares of our common stock acquired by them.
Repayment of a Note
We will use approximately $4.0 million of the net proceeds of the offering to repay a note held by Anthony and Joann Fanticola, cotrustees of the Anthony and Joann Fanticola Trust. We have also agreed to pay $1.1 million in defeasance fees on behalf of Mr. Fanticola.
Aircraft Dry Lease
SpenAero, L.L.C., an affiliate of Spencer F. Kirk, will enter into an Aircraft Dry Lease with us which provides that we have the right to use a 2002 Falcon 50EX aircraft owned by SpenAero, L.L.C. at a rate of $1,740 for each hour of use by us of the aircraft and the payment of all taxes by us associated with our use of the aircraft.
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Following completion of the offering and the formation transactions, conflicts of interest will exist between our directors and executive officers and our company as described below.
We have entered into certain tax protection agreements with Kenneth M. Woolley and Richard S. Tanner which may limit our ability to sell certain of our properties. See Certain relationships and related transactionsDescription of tax indemnity and debt guarantees.
Certain members of our senior management team have outside business interests which include the ownership of Extra Space Development LLC. See Formation transactionsExtra Space Development LLC.
Our senior management team will own CCSs and/or CCUs. Our managements ownership of CCSs and CCUs may cause them to devote a disproportionate amount of time to the performance of the 14 early-stage lease-up properties associated with the CCSs and CCUs. See Risk FactorsRisks Related To Our Organization and Structure.
Certain of our directors and members of our senior management have direct or indirect ownership interests in certain properties to be contributed to our operating partnership in the formation transactions. Accordingly, to the extent these individuals are parties to any of our contribution agreements, we may pursue less vigorous enforcement of the terms of these agreements. See Risk FactorsRisks Related To Our Organization and Structure.
Additional conflicts of interest could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us and our affiliates, on the one hand, and our operating partnership or any partner thereof, on the other. Our directors and officers have duties to our company and our stockholders under applicable Maryland law in connection with their management of our company. At the same time, we, as a general partner of our operating partnership through a wholly owned Massachusetts business trust, have fiduciary duties to our operating partnership and to the limited partners under Delaware law in connection with the management of our operating partnership. Our duties as a general partner to our operating partnership and its partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our company and our stockholders. The partnership agreement of our operating partnership does not require us to resolve such conflicts in favor of either our stockholders or the limited partners of our operating partnership.
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We have adopted policies that are designed to eliminate or minimize potential conflicts of interest. See Policies with respect to certain activitiesConflicts of Interest Policies.
We have received commitments from a group of banks, led by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and including Bank of America, N.A., La Salle Bank National Association and Wachovia Bank, N.A., for a $100.0 million line of credit. Subject to the completion of definitive loan documentation and the completion of due diligence, we expect to close this line of credit immediately following the completion of the offering. The line of credit provides for availability of up to 70.0% of the appraised value of the 17 properties securing the line of credit. The line is also limited by debt service coverage tests on each property, calculated for the prior two quarters of operating income for each property. Based on the recent appraisals of these 17 properties and the prior two quarters of activity, we expect to have approximately $56.0 million of availability under the line of credit upon completion of the offering. To increase availability under this line of credit, we would need to increase the operating income at the properties securing the line of credit or add additional properties as security. We are currently in discussions with the lenders under this line of credit to add an additional two to three properties to the pool of assets securing this line of credit, which we believe will increase the borrowing capacity under this line of credit by approximately $18.0 million. There can be no assurances that the lenders will agree to increase their commitments under this line of credit. We expect to use this line of credit to fund the equity portion of acquisitions and our investments in joint venture development projects.
Due to limitations on the concentration of ownership of REIT stock imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Internal Revenue Code, our charter documents generally prohibit any person (other than an excepted holder or designated investment entity) from actually or constructively owning more than 7.0% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our common stock or 7.0% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding capital stock. Our charter permits exceptions to be made for stockholders provided our board of directors determines such exceptions will not jeopardize our tax status as a REIT. In addition, different ownership limits will apply to the family of Kenneth M. Woolley, certain of its affiliates, and estates and trusts formed for the benefit of the foregoing and Spencer F. Kirk, certain of his affiliates, family members and estates and trusts formed for the benefit of the foregoing. These ownership limits, which our board has determined will not jeopardize our REIT status, will allow the the family of Kenneth M. Woolley, certain of its affiliates and estates and trusts formed for the benefit of the foregoing, as an excepted holder, to hold 15.5% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our common stock or 15.5% (by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding capital stock and Spencer F. Kirk, certain of his affiliates, family members and estates and trusts formed for the benefit of the foregoing as an excepted holder, to hold 13.4% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our common stock or 13.4% (by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding capital stock. Furthermore, certain designated investment entities, as defined in our charter generally to include pension funds, mutual funds and certain investment management companies, will have an ownership limit of 9.8% of our common stock, provided that beneficial owners of the common stock held by such entity would satisfy the 7.0% ownership limit after application of the relevant attribution rules. Certain designated investment entities, as defined in our charter generally to include pension funds, mutual funds and certain investment management companies, will have an ownership limit of 9.8% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our common stock or 9.8% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding capital stock.
14
We intend to elect to qualify as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code, commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2004. We believe that we are organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT and that our proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We have received an opinion of Clifford Chance US LLP to the effect that commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2004, we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, and that our proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.
To maintain our REIT status, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we annually distribute at least 90% of our net taxable income, excluding net capital gains, to our stockholders. As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on net taxable income that we currently distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to some U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income or property and the income of our taxable REIT subsidiary will be subject to taxation at normal corporate rates. See U.S. federal income tax considerations.
We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock. We intend to pay a pro rata distribution with respect to the period commencing on the completion of the offering and ending September 30, 2004, based on a distribution of $0.2275 per share for a full quarter. On an annualized basis, this would be $0.91 per share, of which we currently estimate that approximately 85.0% may represent a return of capital for tax purposes, or an annual distribution rate of approximately 6.5% based on the initial public offering price of $14.00 per share. We estimate that this initial annual distribution will represent approximately 140.1% of our estimated cash available for distribution to our common stockholders for the 12 months ending March 31, 2005. We have estimated our cash available for distribution to our common stockholders for the 12 months ending March 31, 2005 based on adjustments to our pro forma net income available to common stockholders before allocation to minority interest for the 12 months ended March 31, 2004 (giving effect to the offering and the formation transactions). This estimate was based upon our predecessors historical operating results and does not take into account our growth initiatives which are intended to improve our occupancy and operating results, nor does it take into account any unanticipated expenditures we may have to make or any debt we may have to incur. We intend to maintain our initial distribution rate for the 12-month period following completion of the offering unless our actual results of operations, economic conditions or other factors differ materially from the assumptions used in our estimate. Unless our operating cash flow increases, we expect that we will be required either to fund future distributions from borrowings under our proposed line of credit or to reduce such distributions. If we use working capital or borrowings under our proposed line of credit to fund these distributions, this will reduce the cash we have available to fund our acquisition and development activities and other growth initiatives. See Distribution Policy for more information.
15
Common stock offered by us |
20,200,000 shares(1) |
Common stock to be outstanding prior to completion of the offering |
8,095,003 shares(2) |
Common stock to be outstanding after the offering |
28,295,003 shares(1)(3) |
Common stock and OP units to be outstanding after the offering |
30,870,000 shares and units(1)(4) |
Use of proceeds |
We intend to use the net proceeds of the offering together with a new $19.0 million proposed variable rate mortgage due 2007 and a new proposed $111.0 million fixed rate mortgage due 2010, as follows: |
Ø | acquisition of properties ($167.6 million); |
Ø | repayment of existing indebtedness related to our initial assets ($106.4 million); |
Ø | payment of certain loan exit fees ($3.3 million); |
Ø | purchase of interests of certain joint venture partners in connection with the formation transactions including amounts used to retire certain loans incurred in connection with such purchase ($37.9 million); |
Ø | redemption of certain holders of Class A, Class B and Class C membership interests in our predecessor ($26.8 million); |
Ø | repayment of certain short term notes payable ($22.1 million); |
Ø | repayment of a note held by Anthony Fanticola (a director-nominee) and Joann Fanticola, co-trustees of the Anthony and Joann Fanticola Trust ($4.0 million) and payment of a related loan exit fee ($1.1 million); |
Ø | repayment of the Fidelity minority interest ($22.4 million); and |
Ø | payment of loan origination fees ($2.9 million). |
We will use the remainder of the net proceeds for working capital and general corporate purposes, including future acquisitions and development activities. |
Proposed NYSE symbol |
EXR |
16
(1) | Excludes 3,030,000 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option. |
(2) | Represents the number of shares of common stock outstanding prior to the completion of the offering and following completion of the formation transactions. |
(3) | Excludes 650,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of options to be granted prior to or concurrently with the offering with an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price, 7,500,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2004 long-term stock incentive plan, 650,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our non-employee director plan, 3,437,564 shares of common stock that may be issued upon conversion of 3,437,564 CCSs issued pursuant to the formation transactions and 2,788,227 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon redemption of 2,788,227 OP units outstanding (including OP units issuable upon conversion of 213,230 CCUs). |
(4) | Excludes 650,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of options to be granted prior to or concurrently with the offering with an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price, 7,500,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2004 long-term stock incentive plan, 650,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our non-employee director plan and 3,437,564 shares of common stock that may be issued upon conversion of 3,437,564 CCSs issued pursuant to the formation transactions. |
17
Summary consolidated pro forma and historical financial data
The following table shows summary consolidated pro forma financial data for our company and historical financial data for the Extra Space Predecessor for the periods indicated. You should read the following summary pro forma and historical financial data together with Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, the pro forma and historical consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The following summary consolidated historical financial data has been derived from financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 and the related consolidated statements of operations and of cash flows for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003, and the related notes thereto appear elsewhere in this prospectus.
Our unaudited summary consolidated pro forma results of operations data and balance sheet data as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and for the year ended December 31, 2003 give effect to the formation transactions, the offering, the use of proceeds from the offering and certain related transactions as described elsewhere herein. Our pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what our actual financial position and results of operations would have been as of the dates and for the periods indicated, nor does it purport to represent our future financial position or results of operations.
18
Company |
Extra Space Predecessor |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Pro Forma) | (Historical) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Year Ended December 31, |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | 2003 | 2004 | 2003 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property rental revenues |
$ | 19,635 | $ | 77,408 | $ | 9,996 | $ | 7,481 | $ | 33,054 | $ | 28,811 | $ | 19,375 | ||||||||||||||
Management fees |
274 | 1,162 | 548 | 483 | 1,935 | 2,018 | 2,179 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition fees and development fees |
265 | 654 | 265 | 252 | 654 | 922 | 834 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Other income |
75 | 107 | 117 | 114 | 618 | 635 | 611 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
20,249 | 79,331 | 10,926 | 8,330 | 36,261 | 32,386 | 22,999 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property operating expenses |
7,850 | 30,825 | 4,410 | 3,638 | 14,858 | 11,640 | 8,152 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Unrecovered development/acquisition costs and support payments |
498 | | 498 | 275 | 4,937 | 1,938 | 2,227 | |||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative (1) |
3,020 | 9,233 | 2,970 | 1,990 | 8,297 | 5,916 | 6,750 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization (2) |
5,411 | 20,694 | 2,677 | 1,432 | 6,805 | 5,652 | 3,105 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
16,779 | 60,752 | 10,555 | 7,335 | 34,897 | 25,146 | 20,234 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before interest expense, minority interests, equity in earnings of real estate ventures and gain on sale of real estate assets |
3,470 | 18,579 | 371 | 995 | 1,364 | 7,240 | 2,765 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(4,922 | ) | (18,471 | ) | (6,367 | ) | (4,430 | ) | (18,746 | ) | (13,894 | ) | (11,477 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Minority interestFidelity preferred return |
| | (1,096 | ) | (999 | ) | (4,132 | ) | (3,759 | ) | (322 | ) | ||||||||||||||||
(Income) loss allocated to minority interest in operating partnership and other |
106 | (162 | ) | 210 | 414 | 1,431 | (100 | ) | (672 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of real estate ventures |
355 | 1,168 | 261 | 401 | 1,465 | 971 | 105 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Gain (loss) on sale of real estate assets |
(171 | ) | 672 | (171 | ) | | 672 | | 4,677 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (1,162 | ) | $ | 1,786 | $ | (6,792 | ) | $ | (3,619 | ) | $ | (17,946 | ) | $ | (9,542 | ) | $ | (4,924 | ) | ||||||||
Basic earnings (loss) per share (3)(4) |
$ | (0.04 | ) | $ | 0.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per share (4) |
$ | (0.04 | ) | $ | 0.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstandingbasic (4) |
28,295 | 28,295 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstandingdiluted (4) |
28,295 | 30,870 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data (as of end of period): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in real estate, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization |
$ | 679,274 | $ | 440,152 | $ | 354,374 | $ | 306,415 | $ | 242,086 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total assets |
704,418 | 476,645 | 383,751 | 332,290 | 270,265 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Mortgages and other secured loans |
423,308 | 345,507 | 273,808 | 231,025 | 178,552 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
427,893 | 415,364 | 339,660 | 282,509 | 204,057 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Minority interest |
23,062 | 30,299 | 22,390 | 22,265 | 30,743 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Stockholders/members equity |
253,463 | 30,982 | 21,701 | 27,516 | 35,465 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders/members equity |
704,418 | 476,645 | 383,751 | 332,290 | 270,265 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash Flow Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net cash flow provided by (used in): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating activities |
(2,971 | ) | (1,105 | ) | (9,307 | ) | (70 | ) | (4,964 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Investing activities |
(84,865 | ) | (16,375 | ) | (57,757 | ) | (65,666 | ) | (8,884 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Financing activities |
79,762 | 11,790 | 72,349 | 64,963 | 19,446 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Other Data: (5) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Funds from operations (6) |
(3,916 | ) | (2,093 | ) | (11,793 | ) | (5,596 | ) | (6,915 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Total properties |
108 | 87 | 94 | 88 | 63 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Total net rentable square feet |
7,028,750 | 5,492,481 | 6,008,781 | 5,555,191 | 3,757,178 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
74.9 | % | 76.3 | % | 76.9 | % | 75.6 | % | 79.9 | % |
(footnotes on following page)
19
(1) | General and administrative expenses of our predecessor have historically been paid to Extra Space Management, Inc. as management fees. Pro forma general and administrative expenses include estimated public company costs less capitalization of development costs associated with internal development projects. |
(2) | The pro forma year ended December 31, 2003 amount includes real estate depreciation and amortization of $14,167, amortization of intangibles related to tenant relationships acquired of $6,171 and other non-real estate depreciation of $356. |
(3) | Pro forma basic earnings (loss) per share is computed assuming the offering was consummated as of the first day of the period presented and equals pro forma net income (loss) available to common stockholders divided by the pro forma number of shares of our common stock outstanding, which amount excludes 650,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of options outstanding, 3,030,000 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option with respect to the offering, 7,500,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2004 long-term stock incentive plan, 650,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our non-employee director plan, 3,437,564 shares of common stock that may be issued upon conversion of 3,437,564 CCSs outstanding and 2,788,227 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon redemption of 2,788,227 OP units outstanding (including OP units issuable upon conversion of 213,230 CCUs). |
(4) | The pro forma weighted average shares and earnings per share does not include the potential effects of the CCSs and CCUs as such securities would not have participated in earnings on a pro forma basis for the year ended December 31, 2003 and the quarter ended March 31, 2004 had they been issued effective January 1, 2003. These securities will not participate in distributions until they are converted, which cannot occur prior to March 31, 2006. We are currently evaluating the accounting impact of the conversion of CCSs and CCUs into shares of common stock and OP units. |
(5) | Other data includes properties that we consolidated or in which we held an equity interest. |
(6) | As defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, funds from operations, or FFO, represents net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. We present FFO because we consider it an important supplemental measure of our operation performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs, many of which present FFO when reporting their results. FFO is intended to exclude GAAP historical cost depreciation and amortization of real estate and related assets, which assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes ratably over time. Historically, however, real estate values have risen or fallen with market conditions. Because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization unique to real estate, gains and losses from property dispositions and extraordinary items, it provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, development activities and interest costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income. We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by the Board of Governors of NAREIT in its March 1995 White Paper (as amended in November 1999 and April 2002), which may differ from the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by other equity REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other REITs. Further, FFO does not represent amounts available for managements discretionary use because of needed capital replacement or expansion, debt service obligations, or other commitments and uncertainties. FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or make distributions. |
The following table presents the reconciliation of FFO to our net income (loss) before allocation to minority interest, which we believe is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to FFO:
Company |
Extra Space Predecessor |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Pro Forma) | (Historical) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months Ended |
Year Ended December 31, 2003 |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of FFO: | 2004 | 2003 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (1,162 | ) | $ | 1,786 | $ | (6,792 | ) | $ | (3,619 | ) | $ | (17,946 | ) | $ | (9,542 | ) | $ | (4,924 | ) | ||||||||
Plus: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate depreciation and amortization |
4,024 | 14,167 | 2,477 | 1,249 | 6,048 | 3,075 | 2,554 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate depreciation and amortization included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures |
82 | 358 | 107 | 112 | 447 | 211 | 132 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangibles related to tenant relationships |
1,306 | 6,171 | 121 | 165 | 330 | 660 | | |||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) allocated to minority interest |
(106 | ) | 162 | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||
Plus (less): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gain on sale of real estate assets |
171 | (672 | ) | 171 | | (672 | ) | | (4,677 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
FFO(1) |
$ | 4,315 | $ | 21,972 | $ | (3,916 | ) | $ | (2,093 | ) | $ | (11,793 | ) | $ | (5,596 | ) | $ | (6,915 | ) | |||||||||
(1) | The FFO for the year ended December 31, 2003 of the company on a pro forma basis, as compared to the historical amount, has increased due to the purchase of the joint venture interest in 13 properties, the minority interest in 31 consolidated properties and the acquisition of 49 properties from third parties. These acquisitions resulted in an increase in revenues of approximately $44.4 million, and an increase in net income of approximately $20.3 million. |
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Investment in our common stock involves risks. You should carefully consider the following risk factors in addition to other information contained in this prospectus before purchasing the common stock we are offering. The occurrence of any of the following risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section entitled Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Information.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR PROPERTIES AND OPERATIONS
Adverse economic or other conditions in the markets in which we do business could negatively affect our occupancy levels and rental rates and therefore our operating results.
Our operating results are dependent upon our ability to maximize occupancy levels and rental rates in our self-storage properties. Adverse economic or other conditions in the markets in which we operate may lower our occupancy levels and limit our ability to increase rents or require us to offer rental discounts. If our properties fail to generate revenues sufficient to meet our cash requirements, including operating and other expenses, debt service and capital expenditures, our net income, FFO, cash flow, financial condition, ability to make distributions to stockholders and common stock trading price could be adversely affected. The following factors, among others, may adversely affect the operating performance of our properties:
Ø | the national economic climate and the local or regional economic climate in the markets in which we operate, which may be adversely impacted by, among other factors, industry slowdowns, relocation of businesses and changing demographics; |
Ø | periods of economic slowdown or recession, rising interest rates or declining demand for self-storage or the public perception that any of these events may occur could result in a general decline in rental rates or an increase in tenant defaults; |
Ø | local or regional real estate market conditions such as the oversupply of self-storage or a reduction in demand for self-storage in a particular area; |
Ø | perceptions by prospective users of our self-storage properties of the safety, convenience and attractiveness of our properties and the neighborhoods in which they are located; |
Ø | increased operating costs, including need for capital improvements, insurance premiums, real estate taxes and utilities; |
Ø | changes in supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in an area; |
Ø | the impact of environmental protection laws; |
Ø | earthquakes and other natural disasters, terrorist acts, civil disturbances or acts of war which may result in uninsured or underinsured losses; and |
Ø | changes in tax, real estate and zoning laws. |
We have high concentrations of self-storage properties in the California, Massachusetts and New Jersey markets, and changes in the economic climates of these markets may materially adversely affect us.
Our properties located in California, Massachusetts and New Jersey provided approximately 33.5%, 17.6% and 19.3%, respectively, of our pro forma total revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2004. As a result of the geographic concentration of properties in these markets, we are particularly
21
Risk factors
exposed to downturns in these local economies or other changes in local real estate market conditions. In addition, the properties in our California market could be subject to earthquakes and our New Jersey properties located in the New York City metropolitan area may have a higher likelihood of becoming targets of future terrorist acts. As a result of economic changes and geopolitical risks in these markets, our business, financial condition, operating results, cash flow, the trading price of our common stock and our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and our ability to pay distributions could be materially adversely affected.
If we are unable to promptly re-let our units or if the rates upon such re-letting are significantly lower than expected, then our business and results of operations would be adversely affected.
Virtually all of our leases are on a month-to-month basis. Any delay in re-letting units as vacancies arise would reduce our revenues and harm our operating results. In addition, lower than expected rental rates upon re-letting could impede our growth.
We face increasing competition for the acquisition of self-storage properties and other assets, which may impede our ability to make future acquisitions or may increase the cost of these acquisitions.
We compete with many other entities engaged in real estate investment activities for acquisitions of self-storage properties and other assets, including national, regional and local operators and developers of self-storage properties. These competitors may drive up the price we must pay for self-storage properties or other assets we seek to acquire or may succeed in acquiring those properties or assets themselves. In addition, our potential acquisition targets may find our competitors to be more attractive suitors because they may have greater resources, may be willing to pay more or may have a more compatible operating philosophy. In particular, larger self-storage REITs may enjoy significant competitive advantages that result from, among other things, a lower cost of capital and enhanced operating efficiencies. In addition, the number of entities and the amount of funds competing for suitable investment properties may increase. This competition will result in increased demand for these assets and therefore increased prices paid for them. Because of an increased interest in single-property acquisitions among tax-motivated individual purchasers, we may pay higher prices if we purchase single properties in comparison with portfolio acquisitions. If we pay higher prices for self-storage properties or other assets, our profitability will be reduced, and you may experience a lower return on your investment.
Our investments in development and redevelopment projects may not yield anticipated returns, which would harm our operating results and reduce the amount of funds available for distributions.
A key component of our growth strategy is exploring new-asset development and redevelopment opportunities through strategic joint ventures. To the extent that we engage in these development and redevelopment activities, they will be subject to the following risks normally associated with these projects:
Ø | we may be unable to obtain financing for these projects on favorable terms or at all; |
Ø | we may not complete development projects on schedule or within budgeted amounts; |
Ø | we may encounter delays or refusals in obtaining all necessary zoning, land use, building, occupancy and other required governmental permits and authorizations; and |
Ø | occupancy rates and rents at newly developed or redeveloped properties may fluctuate depending on a number of factors, including market and economic conditions, and may result in our investment not being profitable. |
22
Risk factors
In deciding whether to develop or redevelop a particular property, we make certain assumptions regarding the expected future performance of that property. We may underestimate the costs necessary to bring the property up to the standards established for its intended market position or may be unable to increase occupancy at a newly acquired property as quickly as expected or at all. Any substantial unanticipated delays or expenses could adversely affect the investment returns from these development or redevelopment projects and harm our operating results, liquidity and financial condition, which could result in a decline in the value of our securities.
We may in the future develop self-storage properties in geographic regions where we do not currently have a significant presence and where we do not possess the same level of familiarity with development, which could adversely affect our ability to develop such properties successfully or at all or to achieve expected performance.
We rely to a large extent on the investments of our joint venture partners for funding our development and redevelopment projects. If our reputation in the self-storage industry changes or the number of investors considering us an attractive strategic partner is otherwise reduced, our ability to develop or redevelop properties could be affected, which would limit our growth.
We may not be successful in identifying and consummating suitable acquisitions that meet our criteria, which may impede our growth and negatively affect our results of operations.
Our ability to expand through acquisitions is integral to our business strategy and requires us to identify suitable acquisition candidates or investment opportunities that meet our criteria and are compatible with our growth strategy. We may not be successful in identifying suitable properties or other assets that meet our acquisition criteria or in consummating acquisitions or investments on satisfactory terms or at all. Failure to identify or consummate acquisitions will slow our growth, which could in turn adversely affect our stock price.
Our ability to acquire properties on favorable terms and successfully integrate and operate them may be constrained by the following significant risks:
Ø | competition from local investors and other real estate investors with significant capital, including other publicly-traded REITs and institutional investment funds; |
Ø | competition from other potential acquirers may significantly increase the purchase price which could reduce our profitability; |
Ø | satisfactory completion of due diligence investigations and other customary closing conditions; |
Ø | failure to finance an acquisition on favorable terms or at all; |
Ø | we may spend more than the time and amounts budgeted to make necessary improvements or renovations to acquired properties; and |
Ø | we may acquire properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse, with respect to unknown liabilities such as liabilities for clean-up of undisclosed environmental contamination, claims by persons dealing with the former owners of the properties and claims for indemnification by general partners, directors, officers and others indemnified by the former owners of the properties. |
In addition, strategic decisions by us such as acquisitions may adversely affect the price of our common stock.
23
Risk factors
We may not be successful in integrating and operating acquired properties.
We expect to make future acquisitions of self-storage properties. If we acquire any self-storage properties, we will be required to integrate them into our existing portfolio. The acquired properties may turn out to be less compatible with our growth strategy than originally anticipated, may cause disruptions in our operations or may divert managements attention away from day-to-day operations, which could impair our results of operations as a whole.
Our operating results will be harmed if we are unable to achieve and sustain high occupancy rates at our 28 lease-up properties.
Following completion of the offering and the formation transactions, 28 of our properties will be in their lease-up stage. Our lease-up properties require start-up expenditures and may not contribute to our growth until they reach stabilization or at all. Start-up costs may be higher than anticipated, and stabilized operating levels, if achieved, may take longer to reach than we expect. To the extent that our start-up costs are higher than anticipated or these properties fail to reach stabilization or achieve stabilization later than we expect, our operating results and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders may be adversely affected.
We depend upon our on-site personnel to maximize tenant satisfaction at each of our properties, and any difficulties we encounter in hiring, training and maintaining skilled field personnel may harm our operating performance.
As of March 31, 2004, we had 229 field personnel in the management and operating of our properties. The general professionalism of our site managers and staff are contributing factors to a sites ability to successfully secure rentals. We also rely upon our field personnel to maintain clean and secure self-storage properties. If we are unable to successfully recruit, train and retain qualified field personnel, the quality of service we strive to provide at our properties could be adversely affected which could lead to decreased occupancy levels and reduced operating performance.
Other self-storage operators may employ STORE or a technology similar to STORE, which could enhance their ability to compete with us.
We rely on STORE to support all aspects of our business operations and to help us implement new development and acquisition opportunities and strategies. If other self-storage companies obtain a license to use STORE, employ or develop a technology similar to STORE, their ability to compete with us could be enhanced.
Uninsured losses or losses in excess of our insurance coverage could adversely affect our financial condition and our cash flow.
We maintain comprehensive liability, fire, flood, earthquake, wind (as deemed necessary or as required by our lenders), extended coverage and rental loss insurance with respect to our properties with policy specifications, limits and deductibles customarily carried for similar properties. Certain types of losses, however, may be either uninsurable or not economically insurable, such as losses due to earthquakes, riots, acts of war or terrorism. Should an uninsured loss occur, we could lose both our investment in and anticipated profits and cash flow from a property. In addition, if any such loss is insured, we may be required to pay a significant deductible on any claim for recovery of such a loss prior to our insurer being obligated to reimburse us for the loss, or the amount of the loss may exceed our coverage for the loss. As a result, our operating results may be adversely affected.
24
Risk factors
Increases in taxes and regulatory compliance costs may reduce our revenue.
Costs resulting from changes in real estate tax laws generally are not passed through to tenants directly and will affect us. Increases in income, service or other taxes generally are not passed through to tenants under leases and may reduce our net income, funds from operations, or FFO, cash flow, financial condition, ability to pay or refinance our debt obligations, ability to make distributions to stockholders, and the per share trading price of our common stock. Similarly, changes in laws increasing the potential liability for environmental conditions existing on properties or increasing the restrictions on discharges or other conditions may result in significant unanticipated expenditures, which could similarly adversely affect our business and results of operations.
We did not always obtain independent appraisals of our properties, and thus the consideration paid for these properties may exceed the value that may be indicated by third-party appraisals.
We did not always obtain third-party appraisals of the properties in connection with our acquisition of these properties and the consideration being paid by us in exchange for the initial properties may exceed the value as determined by third-party appraisals. The terms of these agreements and the valuation methods used to determine the value of the properties were determined by our senior management team.
Environmental compliance costs and liabilities associated with operating our properties may affect our results of operations.
Under various U.S. federal, state and local laws, ordinances and regulations, owners and operators of real estate may be liable for the costs of investigating and remediating certain hazardous substances or other regulated materials on or in such property. Such laws often impose such liability without regard to whether the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such substances or materials. The presence of such substances or materials, or the failure to properly remediate such substances, may adversely affect the owners or operators ability to lease, sell or rent such property or to borrow using such property as collateral. Persons who arrange for the disposal or treatment of hazardous substances or other regulated materials may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of such substances at a disposal or treatment facility, whether or not such facility is owned or operated by such person. Certain environmental laws impose liability for release of asbestos-containing materials into the air and third parties may seek recovery from owners or operators of real properties for personal injury associated with asbestos-containing materials.
Certain environmental laws also impose liability, without regard to knowledge or fault, for removal or remediation of hazardous substances or other regulated materials upon owners and operators of contaminated property even after they no longer own or operate the property. Moreover, the past or present owner or operator from which a release emanates could be liable for any personal injuries or property damages that may result from such releases, as well as any damages to natural resources that may arise from such releases.
Certain environmental laws impose compliance obligations on owners and operators of real property with respect to the management of hazardous materials and other regulated substances. For example, environmental laws govern the management of asbestos-containing materials and lead-based paint. Failure to comply with these laws can result in penalties or other sanctions.
No assurances can be given that existing environmental studies with respect to any of our properties reveal all environmental liabilities, that any prior owner or operator of our properties did not create any material environmental condition not known to us, or that a material environmental condition does not
25
Risk factors
otherwise exist as to any one or more of our properties. There also exists the risk that material environmental conditions, liabilities or compliance concerns may have arisen after the review was completed or may arise in the future. Finally, future laws, ordinances or regulations and future interpretations of existing laws, ordinances or regulations may impose additional material environmental liability.
Two of our properties have been the subject of cleanup activities to address contamination that occurred prior to our ownership or operation of the sites. For a more detailed discussion of these two properties, see Business and PropertiesEnvironmental Matters. No assurances can be given that investigation or cleanup activities will not be required at these sites, or that we will not be held responsible for some portion of the cleanup costs.
RISKS RELATED TO THE REAL ESTATE INDUSTRY
Our primary business involves the ownership, operation and development of self-storage properties.
Our current strategy is to own, operate and develop only self-storage properties. Consequently, we are subject to risks inherent in investments in a single industry. Because investments in real estate are inherently illiquid, this strategy makes it difficult for us to diversify our investment portfolio and to limit our risk when economic conditions change. Decreases in market rents, negative tax, real estate and zoning law changes and changes in environmental protection laws may also increase our costs, lower the value of our investments and decrease our income, which would adversely affect our business, financial condition and operating results.
Any negative perceptions of the self-storage industry generally may result in a decline in our stock price.
To the extent that the investing public has a negative perception of the self-storage industry, the value of our common stock may be negatively impacted, which would result in our common stock trading at a discount below the inherent value of our assets as a whole.
Costs associated with complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 may result in unanticipated expenses.
Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, or ADA, all places of public accommodation are required to meet certain federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. These requirements became effective in 1992. A number of additional U.S. federal, state and local laws may also require modifications to our properties, or restrict certain further renovations of the properties, with respect to access thereto by disabled persons. Noncompliance with the ADA could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants and also could result in an order to correct any non-complying feature, which could result in substantial capital expenditures. We have not conducted an audit or investigation of all of our properties to determine our compliance and we cannot predict the ultimate cost of compliance with the ADA or other legislation. If one or more of our properties is not in compliance with the ADA or other legislation, then we would be required to incur additional costs to bring the facility into compliance. If we incur substantial costs to comply with the ADA or other legislation, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, per share trading price of our common stock and our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations and to make distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected.
26
Risk factors
Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties.
Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, our ability to promptly sell one or more properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions is limited. The real estate market is affected by many factors, such as general economic conditions, availability of financing, interest rates and other factors, including supply and demand, that are beyond our control. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any property for the price or on the terms set by us or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a property.
We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a property can be sold. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct those defects or to make those improvements. In acquiring a property, we may agree to transfer restrictions that materially restrict us from selling that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These transfer restrictions would impede our ability to sell a property even if we deem it necessary or appropriate.
Any investments in unimproved real property may take significantly longer to yield income-producing returns, if at all, and may result in additional costs to us to comply with re-zoning restrictions or environmental regulations.
We have in the past, and may in the future, invest in unimproved real property. Unimproved properties generally take longer to yield income-producing returns based on the typical time required for development. Any development of unimproved property may also expose us to the risks and uncertainties associated with re-zoning the land for a higher use or development and environmental concerns of governmental entities and/or community groups. Any unsuccessful investments or delays in realizing an income-producing return or increased costs to develop unimproved real estate could restrict our ability to earn our targeted rate of return on an investment or adversely affect our ability to pay operating expenses which would harm our financial condition and operating results.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR DEBT FINANCINGS
Required payments of principal and interest on borrowings may leave us with insufficient cash to operate our properties or to pay the distributions currently contemplated or necessary to maintain our qualification as a REIT and may expose us to the risk of default under our debt obligations.
Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we expect to have approximately $423.3 million of outstanding indebtedness, 100% of which will be secured. We expect to incur additional debt in connection with future acquisitions. We may borrow under our proposed line of credit, or borrow new funds to acquire these future properties. Additionally, we do not anticipate that our internally generated cash flow will be adequate to repay our existing indebtedness upon maturity and, therefore, we expect to repay our indebtedness through refinancing and equity and/or debt offerings. Further, we may need to borrow funds to make distributions required to maintain our qualification as a REIT or to meet our expected distributions.
27
Risk factors
If we are required to utilize our proposed line of credit for purposes other than acquisition activity, this will reduce the amount available for acquisitions and could slow our growth. Therefore, our level of debt and the limitations imposed on us by our debt agreements could have significant adverse consequences, including the following:
Ø | our cash flow may be insufficient to meet our required principal and interest payments; |
Ø | we may be unable to borrow additional funds as needed or on favorable terms, including to make acquisitions or distributions required to maintain our qualification as a REIT; |
Ø | we may be unable to refinance our indebtedness at maturity or the refinancing terms may be less favorable than the terms of our original indebtedness; |
Ø | because a portion of our debt bears interest at variable rates, an increase in interest rates could materially increase our interest expense; |
Ø | we may be forced to dispose of one or more of our properties, possibly on disadvantageous terms; |
Ø | after debt service, the amount available for distributions to our stockholders is reduced; |
Ø | our debt level could place us at a competitive disadvantage compared to our competitors with less debt; |
Ø | we may experience increased vulnerability to economic and industry downturns, reducing our ability to respond to changing business and economic conditions; |
Ø | we may default on our obligations and the lenders or mortgagees may foreclose on our properties that secure their loans and receive an assignment of rents and leases; |
Ø | we may violate restrictive covenants in our loan documents, which would entitle the lenders to accelerate our debt obligations; and |
Ø | our default under any one of our mortgage loans with cross-default or cross-collateralization provisions could result in default on other indebtedness or result in the foreclosures of other properties. |
Our ability to pay our estimated initial annual distribution, which represents approximately 140.1% of our estimated cash available for distribution to our common stockholders for the 12 months ending March 31, 2005, depends upon our actual operating results, and we may have to borrow funds under our proposed line of credit to pay this distribution, which could slow our growth.
We expect to pay an initial annual distribution of $0.91 per share, which represents approximately 140.1% of our estimated cash available for distribution to our common stockholders for the 12 months ending March 31, 2005 calculated as described in Distribution Policy. Accordingly, we currently expect that we will be unable to pay our estimated initial annual distribution to stockholders out of cash available for distribution to our common stockholders as calculated in Distribution Policy. Unless our operating cash flow increases, we will be required either to fund future distributions from borrowings under our proposed line of credit or to reduce such distributions. If we need to borrow funds on a regular basis to meet our distribution requirements or if we reduce the amount of our distribution, our stock price may be adversely affected.
We could become highly leveraged in the future because our organizational documents contain no limitation on the amount of debt we may incur.
Our organizational documents contain no limitations on the amount of indebtedness that we or our operating partnership may incur. We could alter the balance between our total outstanding indebtedness and the value of our portfolio at any time. If we become more highly leveraged, then the resulting
28
Risk factors
increase in debt service could adversely affect our ability to make payments on our outstanding indebtedness and to pay our anticipated distributions and/or the distributions required to maintain our REIT status, and could harm our financial condition.
Increases in interest rates may increase our interest expense and adversely affect our cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and make distributions to our stockholders.
Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we expect to have approximately $423.3 million of debt outstanding, of which approximately $123.8 million, or 29.2%, will be subject to variable interest rates. This variable rate debt had a weighted average interest rate of approximately 2.71% per annum as of March 31, 2004. Increases in interest rates on this variable rate debt would increase our interest expense, which could harm our cash flow and our ability to pay distributions. For example, if market rates of interest on this variable rate debt increased by 100 basis points, the increase in interest expense would decrease future earnings and cash flows by approximately $1.2 million annually as a result of the interest rate floor in place.
Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect our results of operations.
In certain cases we may seek to manage our exposure to interest rate volatility by using interest rate hedging arrangements. Hedging involves risks, such as the risk that the counterparty may fail to honor their obligations under an arrangement. Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our stockholders.
RISKS RELATED TO OUR ORGANIZATION AND STRUCTURE
Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, our two largest stockholders, Kenneth M. Woolley, who is our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Spencer F. Kirk, who is one of our other directors, and their respective affiliates will own 5.9% and 8.6%, respectively, of our outstanding common stock on a fully-diluted basis and will have the ability to exercise significant control of our company and any matter presented to our stockholders.
After completion of the offering, our two largest stockholders, one of whom is Kenneth M. Woolley, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and one of whom is Spencer F. Kirk, one of our other directors, and their affiliates will own approximately 5.9%, and 8.6%, respectively, of our outstanding common stock, on a fully-diluted basis. Consequently, those stockholders, individually or to the extent their interests are aligned, collectively, may be able to control the outcome of matters submitted for stockholder action, including the election of our board of directors and approval of significant corporate transactions, including business combinations, consolidations and mergers and the determination of our day-to-day corporate and management policies. Therefore, those stockholders have substantial influence on us and could exercise their influence in a manner that is not in the best interests of our other stockholders.
Our business could be harmed if key personnel with long-standing business relationships in the self-storage industry terminate their employment with us.
Our success depends, to a significant extent, on the continued services of our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and the other members of our senior management team. Our senior management team has an average of nine years of experience in the self-storage industry. In addition, our ability to continue
29
Risk factors
to develop properties depends on the significant relationships our senior management team has developed with our institutional joint venture partners such as affiliates of Prudential Financial, Inc. and Fidelity Investments. There is no guarantee that any of them will remain employed by us. We do not maintain key person life insurance on any of our officers. The loss of services of one or more members of our senior management team, particularly our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, could harm our business and our prospects.
We may change our investment and financing strategies and enter into new lines of business without stockholder consent, which may subject us to different risks.
We may change our investment and financing strategies and enter into new lines of business without stockholder consent, which may subject us to different risks. We may change our investment and financing strategies and enter into new lines of business at any time without the consent of our stockholders, which could result in our making investments and engaging in business activities that are different from, and possibly riskier than, the investments and businesses described in this prospectus. A change in our investment strategy or our entry into new lines of business may increase our exposure to other risks or real estate market fluctuations.
If other self-storage companies convert to the UPREIT structure or if tax laws change, we may no longer have an advantage in competing for potential acquisitions.
Because we are structured as an UPREIT, we are a more attractive purchaser of property to tax-motivated sellers than our competitors that are not structured as UPREITs. However, if other self-storage companies restructure their holdings to become UPREITs, this competitive advantage will disappear. In addition, new legislation may be enacted or new interpretations of existing legislation may be issued by the IRS or the U.S. Treasury Department that could affect the attractiveness of our UPREIT structure so that it may no longer assist us in competing for acquisitions.
Tax indemnification obligations in the event that we sell or otherwise dispose of certain properties could limit our operating flexibility.
In connection with the formation transactions, we have agreed to indemnify certain third parties for their tax liabilities attributable to the built-in gain on the assets held by the Moss Group in the event that our operating partnership directly or indirectly sells, exchanges or otherwise disposes (including by way of merger, sale of assets or otherwise) of any portion of its interests in or the properties held by the Moss Group, in a taxable transaction. These tax indemnity obligations apply for each of the contributors of interests in the Moss Group for nine years, with a three-year extension, respectively, if the applicable party owns at least 50% of the OP units received by it in the formation transactions at the expiration of the initial nine-year period. Although it may be in our stockholders best interest that we sell a property, it may be economically prohibitive for us to do so because of these obligations.
Tax indemnification obligations may require the operating partnership to maintain certain debt levels.
In connection with the formation transactions, we have agreed to make available to each of Kenneth M. Woolley, Richard S. Tanner and other third parties, the following tax protections: for nine years, with a three-year extension if the applicable party continues to own at least 50% of the OP units received by it in the formation transactions at the expiration of the initial nine-year period, the opportunity to (1) guarantee debt or (2) enter into a special loss allocation and deficit restoration obligation, in an aggregate amount, with respect to the foregoing contributors, at least equal to $60.0 million. See Certain relationships and related transactionsDescription of tax indemnity and debt guarantees. We
30
Risk factors
agreed to these provisions in order to assist these contributors in preserving their tax position after their contributions. These obligations may require us to maintain more or different indebtedness than we would otherwise require for our business.
Our joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority.
Immediately following completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we will hold interests in 18 properties through three joint venture partnerships, which could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on co-venturers financial conditions and disputes between us and our co-venturers. We expect to continue our joint venture strategy by entering into one or more joint ventures for the purpose of developing new self-storage properties and acquiring existing properties. In such event, we would not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. The decision-making authority regarding the properties we currently hold through joint ventures is either vested exclusively with our joint venture partners, is subject to a majority vote of the joint venture partners or equally shared by us and the joint venture partners. In addition, investments in partnerships, joint ventures or other entities may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present were a third party not involved, including the possibility that partners or co-venturers might become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions. Partners or co-venturers may have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with our business interests or goals, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor the partner or co-venturer would have full control over the partnership or joint venture. Disputes between us and partners or co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or directors from focusing their time and efforts on our business. Consequently, actions by or disputes with partners or co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the partnership or joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our third-party partners or co-venturers.
Our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and other members of our senior management have outside business interests which could divert their time and attention away from us, which could harm our business.
Kenneth M. Woolley, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, as well as certain other members of our senior management team, have outside business interests. These business interests include the ownership of two self-storage properties, one located in Palmdale, California and the other located in Pico Rivera, California, which as of March 2004 were in the early lease-up stage and the ownership of Extra Space Development LLC. Other than these two properties and Extra Space Development, LLC, the members of our senior management are not currently engaged in any other self-storage activities outside the company. In addition, Kenneth M. Woolleys employment agreement includes an exception to his non-competition covenant pursuant to which he is permitted to devote a portion of his time to the management and operations of RMI Development, LLC, a multi-family business in which he has a majority ownership. Although Kenneth M. Woolleys employment agreement requires that he devote substantially his full business time and attention to us, this agreement also permits him to devote time to his outside business interests. These outside business interests could interfere with his ability to devote time to our business and affairs and as a result, our business could be harmed.
31
Risk factors
Conflicts of interest could arise as a result of our relationship with our operating partnership.
Conflicts of interest could arise in the future as a result of the relationships between us and our affiliates, on the one hand, and our operating partnership or any partner thereof, on the other. Our directors and officers have duties to our company and our stockholders under applicable Maryland law in connection with their management of our company. At the same time, we, through our wholly owned subsidiary, have fiduciary duties, as a general partner, to our operating partnership and to the limited partners under Delaware law in connection with the management of our operating partnership. Our duties, through our wholly owned subsidiary, as a general partner to our operating partnership and its partners may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our company and our stockholders. The partnership agreement of our operating partnership does not require us to resolve such conflicts in favor of either our stockholders or the limited partners in our operating partnership.
Unless otherwise provided for in the relevant partnership agreement, Delaware law generally requires a general partner of a Delaware limited partnership to adhere to fiduciary duty standards under which it owes its limited partners the highest duties of good faith, fairness and loyalty and which generally prohibit such general partner from taking any action or engaging in any transaction as to which it has a conflict of interest.
Additionally, the partnership agreement expressly limits our liability by providing that neither we, our direct wholly owned Massachusetts business trust subsidiary, as the general partner of the operating partnership, nor any of our or their trustees, directors or officers, will be liable or accountable in damages to our operating partnership, the limited partners or assignees for errors in judgment, mistakes of fact or law or for any act or omission if we, or such trustee, director or officer, acted in good faith. In addition, our operating partnership is required to indemnify us, our affiliates and each of our respective trustees, officers, directors, employees and agents to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities (whether joint or several), expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys fees and other legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts arising from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, that relate to the operations of the operating partnership, provided that our operating partnership will not indemnify for (1) willful misconduct or a knowing violation of the law, (2) any transaction for which such person received an improper personal benefit in violation or breach of any provision of the partnership agreement, or (3) in the case of a criminal proceeding, the person had reasonable cause to believe the act or omission was unlawful.
The provisions of Delaware law that allow the common law fiduciary duties of a general partner to be modified by a partnership agreement have not been resolved in a court of law, and we have not obtained an opinion of counsel covering the provisions set forth in the partnership agreement that purport to waive or restrict our fiduciary duties that would be in effect under common law were it not for the partnership agreement.
Our managements ownership of CCSs and CCUs may cause them to devote a disproportionate amount of time to the performance of the 14 wholly owned early-stage lease-up properties, which could cause our overall operating performance to suffer.
Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we will issue to our contributors, which include certain members of our senior management, in addition to shares of our common stock, CCSs and/or a combination of OP units and CCUs. The terms of the CCSs and CCUs provide that they will convert into our common stock and OP units, respectively, only if the relevant 14 early-stage lease-up properties achieve specified performance thresholds prior to December 31, 2008. As a result, our
32
Risk factors
directors and officers who own CCSs and CCUs may have an incentive to devote a disproportionately large amount of their time and attention to these properties in comparison with our remaining properties, which could harm our operating results.
We may pursue less vigorous enforcement of terms of contribution and other agreements because of conflicts of interest with certain of our officers.
Kenneth M. Woolley, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and Spencer F. Kirk, Kent W. Christensen, Charles L. Allen, Richard S. Tanner and Hugh W. Horne, who serve as directors and members of our senior management, have direct or indirect ownership interests in certain properties to be contributed to our operating partnership in the formation transactions. Following the completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we, under the agreements relating to the contribution of such interests, will be entitled to indemnification and damages in the event of breaches of representations or warranties made by the contributors. In addition, Kenneth M. Woolleys employment agreement includes an exception to his non-competition covenant pursuant to which he is permitted to devote time to the management and operations of RMI Development, LLC, a multi-family business. None of these contribution and non-competition agreements was negotiated on an arms-length basis. We may choose not to enforce, or to enforce less vigorously, our rights under these contribution and non-competition agreements because of our desire to maintain our ongoing relationships with the individuals party to these agreements.
Certain provisions of Maryland law and our organizational documents, including the stock ownership limit imposed by our charter, may inhibit market activity in our stock and could prevent or delay a change in control transaction.
Our charter, subject to certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT and to limit any person to actual or constructive ownership of no more than 7.0% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding common stock or 7.0% (by value or by number of shares, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding capital stock. Our board of directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt a proposed transferee from the ownership limit. However, our board of directors may not grant an exemption from the ownership limit to any proposed transferee whose ownership could jeopardize our status as a REIT. See Description of StockRestrictions on Transfer. These restrictions on ownership will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT. The ownership limit may delay or impede a transaction or a change of control that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders. See Description of StockRestrictions on Transfer. Different ownership limits apply to the family of Kenneth M. Woolley, certain of its affiliates, family members and estates and trusts formed for the benefit of the foregoing and Spencer F. Kirk, certain of his affiliates, family members and estates and trusts formed for the benefit of the foregoing and certain designated investment entities (as defined in our charter).
Our board of directors has the power to issue additional shares of our stock in a manner that may not be in your best interests.
Our charter authorizes our board of directors to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock and to increase the aggregate number of authorized shares or the number of shares of any class or series without stockholder approval. In addition, our board of directors may increase or decrease the aggregate number of our shares or the number of our shares of any class or series and may classify or reclassify any unissued shares of common stock or preferred stock and set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. See Description of stock
33
Risk factors
Power to Increase Authorized Stock and Issue Additional Shares of Our Common Stock and Preferred Stock. Our board of directors could issue additional shares of our common stock or establish a series of preferred stock that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control or other transaction that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited.
Maryland law provides that a director or officer has no liability in that capacity if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, our charter eliminates our directors and officers liability to us and our stockholders for money damages except for liability resulting from actual receipt of an improper benefit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action. Our bylaws require us to indemnify our directors and officers for liability resulting from actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist under common law. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors and officers. See Certain Provisions of Maryland Law.
We may assume unknown liabilities in connection with the formation transactions.
As part of the formation transactions, we (through our operating partnership) will receive the contribution of certain assets or interests in certain assets subject to existing liabilities, some of which may be unknown at the time the offering is consummated. Unknown liabilities might include liabilities for cleanup or remediation of undisclosed environmental conditions, claims of tenants, vendors or other persons dealing with the entities prior to the offering (that had not been asserted or threatened prior to the offering), tax liabilities, and accrued but unpaid liabilities incurred in the ordinary course of business. Our recourse with respect to such liabilities will be limited.
To the extent our distributions represent a return of capital for tax purposes, you could recognize an increased capital gain upon a subsequent sale of your common stock.
Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits and not treated by us as a dividend will not be taxable to a taxable U.S. stockholder under current U.S. federal income tax law to the extent those distributions do not exceed the stockholders adjusted tax basis in his or her common stock, but instead will constitute a return of capital and will reduce such adjusted basis. If distributions result in a reduction of a stockholders adjusted basis in such holders common stock, subsequent sales of such holders common stock potentially will result in recognition of an increased capital gain due to the reduction in such adjusted basis.
RISKS RELATED TO QUALIFICATION AND OPERATION AS A REIT
To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we may be forced to borrow funds on a short-term basis during unfavorable market conditions.
To qualify as a REIT, we generally must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our net taxable income each year, excluding net capital gains, and we will be subject to regular corporate income taxes to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income each year. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which distributions paid by us in
34
Risk factors
any calendar year are less than the sum of 85% of our ordinary income, 95% of our capital gain net income and 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. In order to maintain our REIT qualification and avoid the payment of income and excise taxes, we may need to borrow funds on a short-term basis to meet the REIT distribution requirements even if the then prevailing market conditions are not favorable for these borrowings. These short-term borrowing needs could result from a difference in timing between the actual receipt of cash and inclusion of income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, or the effect of non-deductible capital expenditures, the creation of reserves or required debt or amortization payments.
Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates under recently enacted tax legislation.
Recently enacted tax legislation reduces the maximum tax rate for dividends payable by domestic corporations to individual U.S. stockholders (as such term is defined under U.S. federal income tax considerations below) to 15% (through 2008). Dividends payable by REITs, however, are generally not eligible for the reduced rates. Although this legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends paid by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate dividends could cause stockholders who are individuals to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the stock of REITs, including our common stock.
In addition, the relative attractiveness of real estate in general may be adversely affected by the newly favorable tax treatment given to corporate dividends, which could negatively affect the value of our properties.
Possible legislative or other actions affecting REITs could adversely affect our stockholders.
The rules dealing with federal income taxation are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department. Changes to tax laws (which changes may have retroactive application) could adversely affect our stockholders. It cannot be predicted whether, when, in what forms, or with what effective dates, the tax laws applicable to us or our stockholders will be changed.
The ability of our board of directors to revoke our REIT election without stockholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our stockholders.
Our charter provides that our board of directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interests to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to qualify as a REIT, we would become subject to federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our stockholders, which may have adverse consequences on the total return to our stockholders.
Our failure to qualify as a REIT would have significant adverse consequences to us and the value of our stock.
We intend to operate in a manner that will allow us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes under the Internal Revenue Code. We have not requested and do not plan to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, that we qualify as a REIT, and the statements in this prospectus are not binding on the IRS or any court. If we fail to qualify as a REIT or lose our status as a
35
Risk factors
REIT at any time, we will face serious tax consequences that would substantially reduce the funds available for distribution to you for each of the years involved because:
Ø | we would not be allowed a deduction for distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to U.S. federal income tax at regular corporate rates; |
Ø | we also could be subject to the U.S. federal alternative minimum tax and possibly increased state and local taxes; and |
Ø | unless we are entitled to relief under applicable statutory provisions, we could not elect to be taxed as a REIT for four taxable years following a year during which we were disqualified. |
In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will not be required to make distributions to stockholders, and all distributions to stockholders will be subject to tax as regular corporate dividends to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits. This means that our stockholders who are taxed as individuals would be taxed on our dividends at capital gains rates, and our corporate stockholders generally would be entitled to the dividends received deductions with respect to such dividends, subject, in each case, to applicable limitations under the Internal Revenue Code. As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT also could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and would adversely affect the value of our common stock.
Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex Internal Revenue Code provisions for which there are only limited judicial and administrative interpretations. The complexity of these provisions and of the applicable Treasury regulations that have been promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code is greater in the case of a REIT that, like us, holds its assets through a partnership. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control may affect our ability to qualify as a REIT. In order to qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy a number of requirements, including requirements regarding the composition of our assets and sources of our gross income. Also, we must make distributions to stockholders aggregating annually at least 90% of our net taxable income, excluding capital gains. In addition, legislation, new regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions may adversely affect our investors, our ability to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or the desirability of an investment in a REIT relative to other investments.
We will pay some taxes.
Even if we qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we will be required to pay some U.S. federal, state and local taxes on our income and property. We expect that we and Extra Space Management, Inc. will elect for Extra Space Management, Inc. to be treated as taxable REIT subsidiary of our company for U.S. federal income tax purposes. A taxable REIT subsidiary is a fully taxable corporation and may be limited in its ability to deduct interest payments made to us. In addition, we will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on certain amounts if the economic arrangements among our tenants, our taxable REIT subsidiary and us are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties or if we receive payments for inventory or property held for sale to tenants in the ordinary course of business. To the extent that we are or our taxable REIT subsidiary is required to pay U.S. federal, state or local taxes, we will have less cash available for distribution to stockholders.
36
Risk factors
RISKS RELATED TO THE OFFERING
If you purchase shares of common stock in the offering, you will experience immediate and significant dilution in the book value of our common stock offered in the offering equal to $5.55 per share.
We expect the initial public offering price of our common stock to be substantially higher than the book value per share of our outstanding common stock will be immediately after the offering. If you purchase our common stock in the offering, you will incur immediate dilution of approximately $5.55 in the book value per share of common stock from the price you pay for our common stock in the offering. This means that the investors who purchase shares:
Ø | will pay a price per share that substantially exceeds the per share value of our assets after subtracting our liabilities; and |
Ø | will have contributed 89.0% of the total amount of our equity funding since inception but will only own 71.4% of the shares outstanding. |
In addition, we are issuing 3,650,794 CCSs and CCUs in connection with the offering and the formation transactions. These CCSs and CCUs are convertible into shares of our common stock and OP units, respectively, upon achievement by our company of certain performance results relating to the 14 early-stage lease-up properties. The conversion of CCSs into common stock and CCUs into OP units will be dilutive to investors in the offering. We also have offered and expect to continue to offer stock options to our employees and have reserved 8,000,000 shares of common stock for future issuance under our stock incentive plan. To the extent that stock options are granted and ultimately exercised, there will be further dilution to investors in the offering.
There is currently no public market for our common stock, an active trading market for our common stock may never develop following the offering and the trading and our common stock price may be volatile and could decline substantially following the offering.
Prior to the offering, there has been no public market for our common stock and an active trading market for our common stock may never develop or be sustained. You may not be able to resell our common stock at or above the initial public offering price. The initial public offering price of our common stock has been determined based on negotiations between us and the representatives of the underwriters and may not be indicative of the market price for our common stock after the offering. See Underwriting. Performance, government regulatory action, tax laws, interest rates and market conditions in general could have a significant impact on the future market price of our common stock. Some of the factors that could negatively affect our share price or result in fluctuations in the price of our stock include:
Ø | actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results; |
Ø | changes in our funds from operations or earnings estimates or publication of research reports about us or the real estate industry; |
Ø | increases in market interest rates may lead purchasers of our shares to demand a higher yield; |
Ø | changes in market valuations of similar companies; |
Ø | adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we incur in the future; |
Ø | additions or departures of key personnel; |
Ø | actions by institutional stockholders; |
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Risk factors
Ø | speculation in the press or investment community; and |
Ø | general market, economic and political conditions. |
Future sales of shares of our common stock may depress the price of our shares.
We cannot predict whether future issuance of shares of our common stock or the availability of shares for resale in the open market will decrease the market price per share of our common stock. Any sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, including upon the redemption of OP units, or the perception that such sales might occur, may cause the market price of our shares to decline. Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, all common shares sold in the offering will be freely tradable without restriction (other than any restrictions set forth in our charter relating to our qualification as a REIT) after the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period described under the heading Underwriting, unless the shares are owned by one of our affiliates. Affiliates may only sell their shares pursuant to the requirements of Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, or as described below.
Holders of 11,532,567 shares of our unregistered common stock (assuming the conversion of all CCSs into common stock) and all holders of OP units (representing 2,788,277 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon redemption of OP units (assuming conversion of all CCUs into OP units)), have registration rights requiring us to register their common stock with the SEC and holders of 100% of these shares of common stock and of units are subject to agreements prohibiting them from disposing of these shares for 180 days following completion of the offering. In the aggregate, these shares of common stock and OP units represent approximately 31.0% of our outstanding shares of common stock on a fully-diluted basis after completion of the offering. In addition, after completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we intend to register all common stock that we may issue under our 2004 long-term stock incentive plan, and once we register these shares they can be freely sold in the public market after issuance. If any or all of these holders cause a large number of their shares to be sold in the public market, such sales could reduce the trading price of our common stock and could impede our ability to raise future capital.
The exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option, the redemption of OP units for common stock, the exercise of any options or the vesting of any restricted stock granted to directors, executive officers and other employees under our 2004 long-term stock incentive plan, the issuance of our common stock or OP units in connection with property, portfolio or business acquisitions and other issuances of our common stock could have an adverse effect on the market price of the shares of our common stock, and the existence of OP units, options and shares of our common stock reserved for issuance as restricted shares of our common stock or upon redemption of OP units or exercise of options may adversely affect the terms upon which we may be able to obtain additional capital through the sale of equity securities. In addition, future sales of shares of our common stock may be dilutive to existing stockholders.
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Statements regarding forward-looking information
This prospectus contains various forward-looking statements. You can identify forward-looking statements by the use of forward-looking terminology such as believes, expects, may, will, would, could, should, seeks, approximately, intends, plans, projects, estimates or anticipates or the negative of these words and phrases or similar words or phrases. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions. Statements regarding the following subjects may be impacted by a number of risks and uncertainties:
Ø | our business strategy; |
Ø | our ability to obtain future financing arrangements; |
Ø | estimates relating to our future distributions; |
Ø | our understanding of our competition; |
Ø | information relating to the conversion of CCSs and CCUs; |
Ø | market trends; |
Ø | projected capital expenditures; |
Ø | the impact of technology on our products, operations and business; and |
Ø | use of the proceeds of the offering. |
The forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus reflect our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations are subject to risks and uncertainties and can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. You should carefully consider these risks before you make an investment decision with respect to our common stock.
For more information regarding risks that may cause our actual results to differ materially from any forward-looking statements, see Risk Factors. We do not intend and disclaim any duty or obligation to update or revise any industry information or forward-looking statements set forth in this prospectus to reflect new information, future events or otherwise.
39
We will receive net proceeds from the offering of approximately $257.8 million and approximately $297.3 million if the underwriters over-allotment option is exercised in full after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions, financial advisory fees and estimated expenses of the offering.
We will contribute the net proceeds of the offering to our operating partnership. In addition, concurrently with the closing of the offering we expect to enter into a variable rate mortgage loan in the aggregate principal amount of $19.0 million with U.S. Bank, and a fixed rate mortgage loan in the aggregate principal amount of $111.0 million with Wachovia Bank, N.A. The U.S. Bank mortgage, which will be secured by five properties, will bear interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 175 basis points and will mature in three years after its inception. The Wachovia loan, which will be secured by the 26 properties that we expect to acquire in the Storage Spot transaction, will bear interest at a fixed rate equal to 150 basis points above the five-year Treasury rate and will mature in 2010. We have been proffered a binding commitment letter from U.S. Bank relating to the U.S. Bank loan. We have also executed a non-binding term sheet with Wachovia but have not yet been proffered a binding commitment letter relating to the Wachovia loan. There can be no assurance that we will be able to close the Wachovia loan. However, Wachovia currently has a mortgage loan outstanding covering the 26 properties that will secure the Wachovia loan and we believe, based on our discussions with Wachovia, that it will be in a position to close this loan in accordance with the terms outlined in our non-binding term sheet. If the Wachovia loan does not close, we will seek alternative mortgage financing which we believe, based on the number of lenders that have provided loan proposals to us relating to this financing, will be available on acceptable terms. If such alternative financing is not available, we may not be able to complete the Storage Spot acquisition as outlined in this prospectus. We do not intend to use the proceeds of these two mortgage loans to fund distributions.
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Use of proceeds
The following table sets forth the sources and uses of funds that we expect in connection with the offering and the U.S. Bank loan and the Wachovia loan described above. Some of the uses indicated in the following table could be funded from other sources, such as additional cash on hand or our proposed line of credit.
Sources (dollars in thousands) | Uses (dollars in thousands) | |||||||
Gross proceeds from the offering |
$ | 282,800 | Acquisition of properties | $ | 167,637 | |||
Proposed variable rate mortgage due 2007 Proposed fixed rate mortgage due 2010 |
|
19,000 111,000 |
Repayment of existing indebtedness related to our initial assets |
106,366 | ||||
Escrow deposits and cash on hand |
Payment of certain loan exit fees |
3,274 | ||||||
Purchase of interests of certain joint venture partners in connection with the formation transactions including amounts used to retire certain loans incurred in connection with such purchase |
37,984 | |||||||
Redemption of certain holders of Class A, Class B and Class C membership interests in our predecessor |
26,814 | |||||||
Repayment of certain short term notes payable |
22,074 | |||||||
Repayment of a note held by Anthony Fanticola (a director-nominee) and Joann Fanticola, cotrustees of the Anthony and Joann Fanticola Trust and payment of related loan exit fee |
5,139 | |||||||
Payment of loan origination fees |
2,865 | |||||||
Repayment of the Fidelity minority interest |
22,382 | |||||||
Subtotal |
$ | 394,535 | ||||||
Payment of fees and expenses of the offering: |
||||||||
Underwriting commission |
||||||||
Financial advisory fee |
||||||||
Other fees and expenses |
5,191 | |||||||
Subtotal |
||||||||
Total Sources |
$ | Total Uses |
$ | |||||
Pending the use of any cash proceeds, we intend to invest the net proceeds in interest-bearing, short-term investment-grade securities or money-market accounts which are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. Such investments may include, for example, government and government agency certificates, certificates of deposit, interest-bearing bank deposits and mortgage loan participations.
Any net proceeds remaining after the uses set forth in the table above will be used for working capital purposes, including future acquisitions and development activities. If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option for the offering in full, we expect to use the additional net proceeds to us, which will be approximately $39.5 million in aggregate, for working capital needs, including future acquisitions and developments. We do not intend to use any of the net proceeds from this offering to fund distributions to our stockholders, but to the extent we use these proceeds to fund distributions, these payments will be treated as a return of capital to our stockholders.
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Use of proceeds
Our repayment of existing indebtedness and related loan exit fees related to our initial assets consists of the following:
Debt |
Exit Fees | |||||
Senior fixed rate mortgage due 2009 which bears interest at a rate of 8.97% per annum |
$ | 1,246,658 | $ | 384,323 | ||
Senior fixed rate mortgage due 2008, which bears interest at a rate of 7.15% per annum |
5,004,897 | 931,900 | ||||
Senior variable rate mortgage due 2007, which bears interest at LIBOR plus 4.50% per annum with a LIBOR floor of 1.50%(1) |
52,201,299 | 1,957,549 | ||||
Nine senior mortgage and construction loans due October 2004 through December 2011, which bear interest from LIBOR plus 2.75% to LIBOR plus 3.00% and prime plus .50% to prime plus 4.75%(2) |
30,570,128 | |||||
Wells Fargo property credit line due September 2004, which bears interest at the prime rate |
5,000,000 | |||||
Wells Fargo corporate credit line due July 2004, which bears interest at prime plus 4.00% |
905,339 | |||||
Zions Bank corporate credit line due July 2004, which bears interest at the prime rate |
11,437,458 | |||||
$ | 106,365,779 | $ | 3,273,772 | |||
(1) | At March 31, 2004, this senior variable rate mortgage bore interest at a rate equal to 6.00% per annum. |
(2) | At March 31, 2004, these senior mortgage and construction loans bore interest at rates equal to 3.87% to 8.75% per annum. |
Our repayment of $22.1 million of certain short-term notes payable consists of our repayment of three separate loans. First, we will repay loans of $10.0 million and $8.4 million borrowed from one of our joint venture partners to fund the purchase of interests in two of our joint ventures. These loans bear interest at a rate of 12.50% per annum and mature on the earlier of October 2004 or the closing of the offering. Kenneth M. Woolley, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, has guaranteed the payment of these loans. For more information, see Formation transactionsJoint Venture Restructuring. Second, we will repay a short-term note issued to Strategic Performance Fund, Inc. in the amount of $3.7 million which bears interest at a rate of 15.9% per annum and is due October 15, 2004.
The Fanticola note referred to above that we intend to repay out of the net proceeds of the offering bears interest at a rate of 9.34% per annum and is due August 15, 2010.
42
We intend to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock. We intend to pay a pro rata distribution with respect to the period commencing on the completion of the offering and ending September 30, 2004, based on a distribution of $0.2275 per share for a full quarter. On an annualized basis, this would be $0.91 per share, or an annual distribution rate of approximately 6.5% based on the initial public offering price of $14.00 per share. We estimate that this initial annual distribution will represent approximately 140.1% of our estimated cash available for distribution to our common stockholders for the 12 months ending March 31, 2005. We have estimated our cash available for distribution to our common stockholders for the 12 months ending March 31, 2005 based on adjustments to our pro forma net income available to common stockholders before allocation to minority interest for the 12 months ended March 31, 2004 (giving effect to the offering and the formation transactions), as described below. This estimate was based upon our predecessors historical operating results and does not take into account our growth initiatives which are intended to improve our occupancy and operating results, nor does it take into account any unanticipated expenditures we may have to make or any debt we may have to incur. In estimating our cash available for distribution to holders of our common stock, we have made certain assumptions as reflected in the table and footnotes below. Unless our operating cash flow increases, we expect that we will be required either to fund future distributions from borrowings under our proposed line of credit or to reduce such distributions. Our line of credit will not contain provisions that restrict the use of the line of credit to fund distributions. If we use working capital or borrowings under our proposed line of credit to fund these distributions, this will reduce the cash we have available to fund our acquisition and development activities and other growth initiatives.
We intend to maintain our initial distribution rate for the 12-month period following completion of the offering unless our actual results of operations, economic conditions or other factors differ materially from the assumptions used in our estimate.
Distributions made by us will be authorized and determined by our board of directors in its sole discretion out of funds legally available therefor and will be dependent upon a number of factors, including restrictions under applicable law and the capital requirements of our company. Actual distributions may be significantly different from the expected distributions. See Statements Regarding Forward-Looking Information. We do not intend to reduce the expected distribution per share if the underwriters over-allotment option is exercised.
We anticipate that, at least initially, our distributions will exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits as determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Therefore, a portion of these distributions may represent a return of capital for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a taxable U.S. stockholder under current U.S. federal income tax law to the extent those distributions do not exceed the stockholders adjusted tax basis in his or her common stock, but rather will reduce such adjusted basis in our common stock. Therefore, the gain (or loss) recognized on the sale of that common stock or upon our liquidation will be increased (or decreased) accordingly. To the extent those distributions exceed a taxable U.S. stockholders adjusted tax basis in his or her common stock, they generally will be treated as a capital gain realized from the taxable disposition of those shares. We expect that approximately 15.0% of our initial distribution will represent a dividend taxable at ordinary income rates while the balance will represent a return of capital for the tax period ending December 31, 2004. The percentage of our stockholder distributions that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits may vary substantially from year to year. For a more complete discussion of the tax treatment of distributions to holders of our common stock, see U.S. federal income tax considerations.
43
Distribution policy
We cannot assure you that our estimated distributions will be made or sustained. Any distributions we pay in the future will depend upon our actual results of operations, economic conditions and other factors that could differ materially from our current expectations. Our actual results of operations will be affected by a number of factors, including the revenue we receive from our properties, our operating expenses, interest expense, our occupancy levels, the ability of our tenants to meet their obligations and unanticipated expenditures. For more information regarding risk factors that could materially adversely affect our actual results of operations, see Risk Factors. If our properties do not generate sufficient cash flow to allow cash to be distributed by us, we may be required to fund distributions from working capital, borrowings under our proposed line of credit, or reduce such distributions. Our line of credit will not contain provisions that restrict the use of the line of credit to fund distributions.
U.S. federal income tax law requires that a REIT distribute annually at least 90% of its net taxable income excluding net capital gains, and that it pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that it annually distributes less than 100% of its REIT taxable income including capital gains. For more information, see U.S. federal income tax considerations. We anticipate that our estimated cash available for distribution will exceed the annual distribution requirements applicable to REITs. However, under some circumstances, we may be required to pay distributions in excess of cash available for distribution in order to meet these distribution requirements.
44
Distribution policy
The following table describes our pro forma net income before allocation to minority interest for the 12 months ended March 31, 2004, and the adjustments we have made thereto in order to estimate our initial cash available for distribution to the holders of our common stock for the 12 months ending March 31, 2005.
dollars in thousands |
||||
Pro forma net income before minority interest for the year ended December 31, 2003 |
$ | 1,948 | ||
Less: Income before minority interests for the three months ended March 31, 2003 |
(358 | ) | ||
Add: Loss before minority interests for the three months ended March 31, 2004 |
(1,268 | ) | ||
Pro forma net income before minority interest before allocation to minority interest for the 12 months ended March 31, 2004 |
322 | |||
Add: Pro forma depreciation and amortization(1) |
23,183 | |||
Add: Net rental increases for continuing tenants for rental increases effective through March 31, 2004 (wholly owned stabilized properties)(2)(3) |
265 | |||
Add: Net rental increases for continuing tenants for rental increases effective through March 31, 2004 (wholly owned lease-up properties) (3)(4) |
21 | |||
Add: Net rental increases from occupancy changes effective through March 31, 2004 (wholly owned stabilized properties)(3)(5) |
1,212 | |||
Add: Net rental increases for continuing tenants for rental increases effective through March 31, 2004 (joint venture stabilized properties)(3)(6) |
31 | |||
Add: Net rental increases for continuing tenants for rental increases effective through March 31, 2004 (joint venture lease-up properties)(3)(7) |
7 | |||
Less: Gain on sale of real estate assets |
(501 | ) | ||
Estimated cash flows from operations for the 12 months ending March 31, 2005 |
24,540 | |||
Less: Estimated cash flows used in investing activitiesproperty improvements(8) |
(1,819 | ) | ||
Less: Estimated cash flows used in financing activitiesscheduled mortgage loan principal payments(9) |
(2,676 | ) | ||
Estimated cash available for distribution for the 12 months ending March 31, 2005 |
$ | 20,045 | ||
Estimated initial annual distribution (including distributions to minority interest)(10) |
28,092 | |||
Payout ratio based on estimated cash available for distribution to our holders of common stock(10) |
140.1 | % | ||
Estimated cash available for distribution applicable to: |
||||
Minority interest |
2,343 | |||
Common shares |
25,749 | |||
(1) | Includes real estate depreciation and amortization on wholly owned and joint venture properties of $13,551 and $336, respectively, amortization of intangibles related to tenant relationships acquired with respect to wholly owned properties of $6,318, other non-real estate depreciation on wholly owned and joint venture properties of $1,317 and $23, respectively, and loan fee amortization of $1,638. |
(2) | For wholly owned stabilized properties, represents additional revenues on a pro forma basis based on rental increases achieved by March 31, 2004 as if the increases were in effect beginning on April 1, 2003, for those tenants who were tenants at the properties for the entirety of the 12 months ended March 31, 2004. |
(footnotes continued on following page)
45
Distribution policy
(3) | Property-level expenses for the 100 properties that we have given pro forma effect to rental increases were generally unchanged for the 12-months ended March 31, 2004. Our predecessors historical financial statements do indicate an increase in operating expenses for our predecessor for the year ended December 31, 2003 and for the three months ended March 31, 2004, when compared with the corresponding prior periods. However, these increases were attributable to an increase in the number of properties in our predecessors portfolio. Over these periods, our predecessors portfolio grew as follows: |
Extra Space Predecessor | ||||||||
December 31, |
March 31, | |||||||
2002 | 2003 | 2003 | 2004 | |||||
Number of Properties in Portfolio |
88 | 94 | 87 | 108 |
(4) | For wholly owned lease-up properties, represents additional revenues on a pro forma basis based on rental increases achieved by March 31, 2004 as if the increases were in effect beginning on April 1, 2003, for those tenants who were tenants at the properties for the entirety of the 12 months ended March 31, 2004. |
(5) | For wholly owned stabilized properties, represents additional revenues on a pro forma basis due to increase in occupancy calculated by taking the difference between (A) and (B), as follows: (A) the sum of $2,159, which was determined by adding for each tenant commencing a unit rental during the 12 months ended March 31, 2004, an amount equal to the number of months such new tenant did not occupy its unit during such period multiplied by its rental rate in effect for such tenant for March 2004; less (B) the sum of $947 which was determined by adding for each tenant vacating a unit rental during the 12 months ended March 31, 2004, an amount equal to the number of months such tenant occupied its unit during such period multiplied by its monthly rental rate in effect as of the month of departure. For the 12 months ended March 31, 2004 and since that date through the date of this prospectus, our stabilized property portfolio did not experience an overall decline in occupancy. Furthermore, the net rental increases from occupancy changes includes only our wholly owned stabilized properties and does not include additional rental increases from occupancy changes attributable to our 23 wholly-owned lease-up properties, nor our allocable share of increases in distributions that may result from occupancy increases at our 13 joint venture stabilized properties and five joint venture lease-up properties. |
(6) | For joint venture stabilized properties, represents our portion of additional revenues on a pro forma basis based on rental increases achieved by March 31, 2004, or $31 as if the increases were in effect beginning on April 1, 2004, for those tenants who were tenants at the properties for the entirety of the 12 months ended March 31, 2004. |
(7) | For joint venture lease-up properties, represents our portion of additional revenues on a pro forma basis based on rental increases achieved by March 31, 2004, or $7 as if the increase were in effect beginning on April 1, 2004, for those tenants who were tenants at the properties for the entirety of the 12 months ended March 31, 2004. |
(8) | Represents estimated annual recurring capital expenditures of $0.23 per net rentable square foot for the 7,907,880 net rentable square feet at our properties which excludes 1,007,830 net rentable square feet which represents our joint venture partners interest in our net rentable square feet in our joint ventures: |
Extra Space Predecessor | |||||||||
Year Ended December 31, | |||||||||
2003 | 2002 | Average | |||||||
Recurring capital expenditures (dollars in thousands) |
$ | 1,224 | $ | 1,109 | $ | 1,167 | |||
Net rentable square feet |
5,304,547 | 5,028,766 | 5,166,657 | ||||||
Average annual recurring capital expenditure per net rentable square foot |
$ | 0.23 | $ | 0.22 | $ | 0.23 |
(9) | Represents the amortization of principal on indebtedness on a pro forma basis. |
(10) | If the underwriters over-allotment option of 3,030,000 shares of our common stock is exercised in full at the initial public offering price, our initial annual distribution would increase by $2.8 million and our payout ratio would increase to 153.9%. We do not intend to use the proceeds from the over-allotment option to fund distributions, but to the extent we use these proceeds to fund distributions, these payments will be treated as a return of capital to our stockholders. |
46
The following table presents the capitalization as of March 31, 2004 on a historical basis for Extra Space Storage LLC and its affiliates, which we consider to be our predecessor for accounting purposes, on a pro forma basis for our company taking into account the formation transactions and the offering. The pro forma adjustments give effect to the offering and the formation transactions as if they had occurred on March 31, 2004 and the application of the net proceeds as described in Use of proceeds. You should read this table in conjunction with Use of proceeds, Summary consolidated pro forma and historical financial data, Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, and the more detailed information contained in the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Historical (Extra Space predecessor) |
Pro Forma (Company) | ||||||
(dollars in thousands) | |||||||
Mortgages and other secured loans |
$ | 345,507 | $ | 423,308 | |||
Putable preferred interests in consolidated joint ventures, net |
34,913 | | |||||
Minority interest in our operating partnership |
| 23,062 | |||||
Redeemable minority interestFidelity |
18,712 | | |||||
Other minority interests |
11,587 | | |||||
Redeemable Class C and Class E Units |
44,522 | | |||||
Stockholders equity (deficit): |
|||||||
Common stock, $.01 par value, 28,295,003 shares issued and outstanding(1) |
| 283 | |||||
Additional paid in capital |
| 253,180 | |||||
Members equity (deficit) |
(13,540 | ) | | ||||
Total members/shareholders equity (deficit) |
(13,540 | ) | 253,463 | ||||
Total capitalization |
$ | 441,701 | $ | 699,833 | |||
(1) | Our pro forma outstanding common stock excludes 650,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of options to be granted prior to or concurrently with the offering at an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price, 3,030,000 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option, 7,500,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2004 long-term stock incentive plan, 650,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our non-employee director plan, 3,437,564 shares of common stock that may be issued upon conversion of 3,437,564 CCSs issued pursuant to the formation transactions and 2,788,227 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon redemption of 2,788,227 OP units outstanding (including OP units issuable upon conversion of 213,230 CCUs). |
47
DILUTION AFTER THIS OFFERING(1)
Purchasers of our common stock will experience an immediate and significant dilution of the net tangible book value of our common stock from the initial public offering price. On a pro forma basis at March 31, 2004, after giving effect to the reorganization transactions (see page F-3 of the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet as of March 31, 2004 for a description of the reorganization transactions), but before giving effect to the other formation transactions and the offering, the net tangible book value of our predecessor was $23.6 million or $2.91 per share of common stock. On a pro forma basis at March 31, 2004, after giving effect to the other formation transactions, but before giving effect to the sale of shares of common stock to new investors in the offering, our predecessors pro forma net tangible book value would have been $26.0 million or $3.22 per share, or an increase in pro forma net tangible book value attributable to the other formation transactions of $2.4 million or $0.31 per share. After giving effect to the sale of shares of common stock in the offering, the receipt by us of the net proceeds from the offering, the deduction of underwriting discounts and commissions, financial advisory fees and estimated offering expenses payable by us, the pro forma net tangible book value at March 31, 2004 would have been $239.1 million or $8.45 per share or an increase in pro forma net tangible book value attributable to the sale of shares of common stock to new investors of $282.8 million or $14.00 per share. This amount represents an immediate dilution in pro forma net tangible book value of $5.55 per share from the assumed initial public offering price of $14.00 per share. The following table illustrates this per share dilution:
Initial public offering price per share |
$ | 14.00 | ||||
Pro forma net tangible book value per share of our predecessor as of March 31, 2004, after giving effect to the reorganization transactions, but before the other formation transactions and the offering(2) |
$ | 2.91 | ||||
Increase in pro forma net tangible book value per share attributable to the other formation transactions but before the offering(3) |
0.31 | |||||
Pro forma net tangible book value after the reorganization transactions and the other formation transactions, but before the offering |
3.22 | |||||
Increase in pro forma net tangible book value attributable to the offering(4) |
5.23 | |||||
Pro forma net tangible book value after the reorganization transactions, the other formation transactions and the offering(5) |
8.45 | |||||
Dilution in pro forma net tangible book value to new investors(6) |
$ | 5.55 |
(1) | For the purpose of calculating our predecessors pro forma valuations in this section, we have assumed that, as of March 31, 2004, the 8,095,093 shares of common stock to be issued to the former members of our predecessor were outstanding. |
(2) | Determined by dividing the pro forma net tangible book value after the reorganization transactions but before the other formation transactions and the offering by the number of shares of common stock to be issued to the former members of our predecessor in the formation transactions. |
(3) | Determined by dividing the difference between (a) the pro forma net tangible book value after the reorganization transactions but before the other formation transactions and the offering and (b) the pro forma net tangible book value after the other formation transactions and before the offering, by the number of shares of common stock to be issued to the former members of our predecessor in the formation transactions. |
(4) | Determined by dividing the difference between (a) the pro forma net tangible book value after the reorganization transactions and the other formation transactions but before the offering and (b) the pro forma net tangible book value after the reorganization transactions, the other formation transactions and the offering, by the number of shares of common stock to be issued to the former members of our predecessor in the formation transactions. |
48
Dilution
(5) | Determined by dividing pro forma net tangible book value of approximately $239.1 million by 28,295,000 shares of common stock, which amount excludes 650,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of options to be granted prior to or concurrently with the offering at an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price, 3,030,000 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option, 7,500,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2004 long-term stock incentive plan, 650,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our non-employee director plan, 3,437,564 shares of common stock that may be issued upon conversion of 3,437,564 CCSs issued pursuant to the formation transactions and 2,788,227 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon redemption of 2,788,227 OP units outstanding (including OP units issuable upon conversion of 213,230 CCUs). |
(6) | Determined by subtracting pro forma net tangible book value per share of common stock after the reorganization transactions, the other formation transactions and the offering from the assumed initial public offering price paid by a new investor for a share of common stock. |
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN NEW INVESTORS AND FORMER MEMBERS OF OUR PREDECESSOR IN NUMBER OF SHARES AND AMOUNT PAID
The table below summarizes, as of March 31, 2004, on the pro forma basis after giving effect to the reorganization transactions, the other formation transactions and the offering discussed above, the differences between the number of shares of common stock and OP units received from us and our operating partnership, the total consideration paid and the average price per share paid by former members of our predecessor and paid in cash by the new investors purchasing shares in the offering (based on the net tangible book value attributable to the membership interests exchanged by such members in the formation transactions).
Shares/Units Issued Assuming No Exercise Over-Allotment Option |
Net Tangible/Book Value of Contribution/Cash |
Average Price per Share | ||||||||||||
Number |
Percentage |
Amount |
Percentage |
|||||||||||
OP units issued in connection with the formation transaction |
2,574,997 | 9 | % | $ | 8,285,000 | 3 | % | $ | 3.22 | |||||
Common stock to be issued in connection with the formation transactions |
8,095,003 | 26 | 26,035,000 | 8 | 3.22 | |||||||||
New investors (1) |
20,200,000 | 65 | 282,800,000 | 89 | 14.00 | |||||||||
Total |
30,870,000 | 100 | % | $ | 317,120,000 | 100 | % | |||||||
(1) | We used the initial public offering price of $14.00 per share, and we have not deducted estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses in our calculations. |
This table excludes 650,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of options to be granted prior to or concurrently with the offering at an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price, 3,030,000 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option, 7,500,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2004 long-term stock incentive plan, 650,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our non-employee director plan, 3,437,564 shares of common stock that may be issued upon conversion of 3,437,564 CCSs issued pursuant to the formation transactions and 2,788,227 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon redemption of 2,788,227 OP units outstanding (including OP units issuable upon conversion of 213,230 CCUs). Further dilution to our new investors will result if these excluded shares of common stock are issued by us in the future.
49
Selected consolidated pro forma and historical financial data
The following table shows selected consolidated pro forma financial data for our company and historical financial data for our predecessor for the periods indicated. You should read the following selected historical and pro forma and financial data together with the discussion under the caption Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations, and the pro forma and historical consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The following selected consolidated historical financial data for 1999 to 2003 has been derived from financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent registered public accounting firm. Consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2003 and 2002 and the related consolidated statements of operations and of cash flows for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2003, and the related notes thereto appear elsewhere in this prospectus.
Our unaudited selected consolidated pro forma results of operations data and balance sheet data as of and for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and for the year ended December 31, 2003 give effect to the formation transactions, the offering, the use of proceeds from the offering and certain related transactions as summarized below.
FORMATION TRANSACTIONS
Ø | Existing holders of membership interests in Extra Space Storage LLC exchanged their membership interests for shares of common stock, OP units, CCSs or CCUs. |
Ø | Extra Space Storage LLC distributed to certain holders of its Class A membership interests a convertible note receivable who then converted the convertible note receivable into a 40% equity interest in Centershift. |
Ø | Extra Space Storage LLC purchased 100% of the common stock of Extra Space Management, Inc. |
Ø | Extra Space Storage LLC contributed to Extra Space Development LLC six wholly owned early stage development properties, interests in seven early stage development properties owned through joint ventures and two undeveloped parcels of land, and any related indebtedness. |
Ø | Extra Space Storage LLC distributed to certain holders of its Class A membership interests, 100% of the membership interests in Extra Space Development LLC, which was previously a wholly owned subsidiary of our predecessor. |
Ø | Certain holders of Class A and Class C membership interests in Extra Space Storage LLC holding short-term debt and certain other holders of short-term debt converted $1.7 million dollars of short-term debt into additional Class A and Class C membership interests. |
Ø | Extra Space Storage LLC issued additional Class A, Class B and Class C membership interests following December 31, 2003. |
Ø | Extra Space Storage LLC will sell Extra Space of Laguna Hills LLC to its joint venture partner in such entity. |
Ø | Extra Space Storage LLC will acquire 29 additional self-storage properties for an aggregate purchase price of $167.6 million. |
50
Selected consolidated pro forma and historical financial data
USE OF PROCEEDS
Ø | We will receive proceeds from the offering of approximately $257.8 million and approximately $297.3 million if the underwriters over-allotment option is exercised in full after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions, financial advisory fees and estimated expenses of the offering. |
Ø | We will use $167.6 million of the net proceeds of the offering to acquire 29 properties. |
Ø | We will use $106.4 million of the net proceeds of the offering to repay existing indebtedness related to our initial assets. |
Ø | We will use $37.9 million of the net proceeds of the offering to purchase interests of certain joint venture partners in connection with the formation transactions including amounts used to retire certain loans incurred in connection with such purchase. |
Ø | We will use $22.1 million to repay certain short term notes payable. |
Ø | We will use $4.0 million to repay a note held by Anthony Fanticola (a director-nominee) and Joann Fanticola, cotrustees of the Anthony and Joann Fanticola Trust and $1.1 million to repay loan exit fees associated with this note. |
Ø | We will use $26.8 million of the net proceeds of the offering to redeem certain holders of Class A, Class B and Class C membership interests in our predecessor. |
Ø | We will use $22.4 million of the net proceeds to repay the Fidelity minority interest. |
Ø | We will use $3.3 million of the net proceeds of the offering to pay certain other loan exit fees. |
Ø | We will use $2.9 million of the net proceeds of the offering to pay certain loan origination fees. |
REFINANCING
Ø | We will refinance approximately $19.0 million in principal amount of additional third-party mortgage debt with new secured financings described below. |
Our pro forma financial information is not necessarily indicative of what our actual financial position and results of operations would have been as of the dates and for the periods indicated, nor does it purport to represent our future financial position or results of operations.
51
Selected consolidated pro forma and historical financial data
Company |
Extra Space Predecessor |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Pro Forma) | (Historical) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Months March 31, |
Year Ended |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | 2003 | 2004 | 2003 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property rental revenues |
$ | 19,635 | $ | 77,408 | $ | 9,996 | $ | 7,481 | $ | 33,054 | $ | 28,811 | $ | 19,375 | $ | 5,603 | $ | 280 | ||||||||||||||||||
Management fees |
274 | 1,162 | 548 | 483 | 1,935 | 2,018 | 2,179 | 1,895 | 1,082 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Acquisition fees and development fees |
265 | 654 | 265 | 252 | 654 | 922 | 834 | 1,323 | 1,645 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other income |
75 | 107 | 117 | 114 | 618 | 635 | 611 | 948 | 656 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues |
20,249 | 79,331 | 10,926 | 8,330 | 36,261 | 32,386 | 22,999 | 9,769 | 3,663 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property operating expenses |
7,850 | 30,825 | 4,410 | 3,638 | 14,858 | 11,640 | 8,152 | 2,347 | 351 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Unrecovered development/acquisition costs and support payments |
498 | | 498 | 275 | 4,937 | 1,938 | 2,227 | 3,854 | 214 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
General and administrative(1) |
3,020 | 9,233 | 2,970 | 1,990 | 8,297 | 5,916 | 6,750 | 7,698 | 7,532 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization(2) |
5,411 | 20,694 | 2,677 | 1,432 | 6,805 | 5,652 | 3,105 | 1,147 | 81 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
16,779 | 60,752 | 10,555 | 7,335 | 34,897 | 25,146 | 20,234 | 15,046 | 8,178 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before interest expense, minority interests, equity in earnings of real estate ventures and gain on sale of real estate assets |
3,470 | 18,579 | 371 | 995 | 1,364 | 7,240 | 2,765 | (5,277 | ) | (4,515 | ) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(4,922 | ) | (18,471 | ) | (6,367 | ) | (4,430 | ) | (18,746 | ) | (13,894 | ) | (11,477 | ) | (4,763 | ) | (410 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Minority interestFidelity preferred return |
| | (1,096 | ) | (999 | ) | (4,132 | ) | (3,759 | ) | (322 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(Income) loss allocated to minority interest in Operating Partnership and other |
106 | (162 | ) | 210 | 414 | 1,431 | (100 | ) | (672 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Equity in earnings of real estate ventures |
355 | 1,168 | 261 | 401 | 1,465 | 971 | 105 | 171 | 233 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Gain (loss) on sale of real estate assets |
(171 | ) | 672 | (171 | ) | | 672 | | 4,677 | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (1,162 | ) | $ | 1,786 | $ | (6,792 | ) | $ | (3,619 | ) | $ | (17,946 | ) | $ | (9,542 | ) | $ | (4,924 | ) | $ | (9,869 | ) | $ | (4,692 | ) | ||||||||||
Basic earnings (loss) per share(3)(4) |
$ | (0.04 | ) | $ | 0.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) per share(4) |
$ | (0.04 | ) | $ | 0.06 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares of common stock outstandingbasic(4) |
28,295 | 28,295 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares of common stock outstandingdiluted(4) |
28,295 | 30,870 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
52
Selected consolidated pro forma and historical financial data
Company |
Extra Space Predecessor |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Pro Forma 2004
|
Historical Consolidated Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||||||||||||
2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | |||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands, except per share data) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data (as of end of period): |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Investments in real estate, net of accumulated depreciation and amortization |
$ | 679,274 | $ | 354,374 | $ | 306,415 | $ | 242,086 | $ | 133,299 | $ | 34,013 | |||||||||||
Total assets |
704,418 | 383,751 | 332,290 | 270,265 | 153,341 | 52,153 | |||||||||||||||||
Mortgages and other secured loans |
423,308 | 273,808 | 231,025 | 178,552 | 118,515 | 19,257 | |||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities |
427,893 | 339,660 | 282,509 | 204,057 | 127,739 | 22,197 | |||||||||||||||||
Minority interest |
23,062 | 22,390 | 22,265 | 30,743 | | | |||||||||||||||||
Stockholders/members equity |
253,463 | 21,701 | 27,516 | 35,465 | 25,602 | 29,956 | |||||||||||||||||
Total liabilities and stockholders/members equity |
704,418 | 383,751 | 332,290 | 270,265 | 153,341 | 52,153 | |||||||||||||||||
Cash Flow Data: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Net cash flow provided by (used in): |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Operating activities |
(9,307 | ) | (70 | ) | (4,964 | ) | (6,794 | ) | (30,282 | ) | |||||||||||||
Investing activities |
(57,757 | ) | (65,666 | ) | (8,884 | ) | (98,387 | ) | (847 | ) | |||||||||||||
Financing activities |
72,349 | 64,963 | 19,446 | 101,352 | 35,791 | ||||||||||||||||||
Other Data:(5) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Funds from operations(6) |
(11,793 | ) | (5,596 | ) | (6,915 | ) | (8,963 | ) | (4,544 | ) | |||||||||||||
Total properties |
94 | 88 | 63 | 57 | 27 | ||||||||||||||||||
Total net rentable square feet |
6,008,781 | 5,555,191 | 3,757,178 | 3,475,282 | 1,622,144 | ||||||||||||||||||
Occupancy |
76.9 | % | 75.6 | % | 79.9 | % | 70.8 | % | 70.2 | % |
(1) | General and administrative expenses of our predecessor have historically been paid to Extra Space Management, Inc. as management fees. Pro forma general and administrative expenses include estimated public company costs less capitalization of development costs associated with internal development projects. |
(2) | Includes real estate depreciation and amortization of $14,167, amortization of intangibles related to tenant relationships acquired of $6,171 and other non-real estate depreciation of $356. |
(3) | Pro forma basic earnings (loss) per share is computed assuming the offering was consummated as of the first day of the period presented and equals pro forma net income (loss) available to common stockholders divided by the pro forma number of shares of our common stock to be granted immediately prior to the offering, which amount excludes 650,000 shares of common stock reserved for issuance upon the exercise of options to be granted prior to or concurrently with the offering at an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price, 3,030,000 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon exercise of the underwriters over-allotment option, 650,000 shares of common shares available for future issuance under our non-employee director plan, 7,500,000 shares of common stock available for future issuance under our 2004 long-term stock incentive plan, 3,437,564 shares of common stock that may be issued upon conversion of 3,437,564 CCSs issued pursuant to the formation transactions and 2,788,227 shares of common stock that may be issued by us upon redemption of 2,788,227 OP units outstanding (including OP units issuable upon conversion of 213,230 CCUs). |
(4) | The pro forma weighted average shares and earnings per share does not include the potential affects of the CCSs and CCUs as such securities would not have participated in earnings on a pro forma basis for the year ended December 31, 2003 and the quarter ended March 31, 2004 had they been issued effective January 1, 2003. These securities will not participate in distributions until they are converted which cannot occur prior to March 31, 2006. We are currently evaluating the accounting impact of the conversion of CCSs and CCUs into shares of common stock and OP units. |
(5) | Other data includes properties that we consolidated or in which we held an equity interest. |
(6) | As defined by NAREIT, FFO represents net income (computed in accordance with GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. We present FFO because we consider it an important supplemental measure of our operating performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs, many of which present FFO when reporting their results. FFO is intended to exclude GAAP historical cost depreciation and amortization of real estate and related assets, which assumes that the value of real estate assets diminishes ratably over time. Historically, however, real estate values have risen or fallen with market conditions. Because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization unique to real estate, gains and losses from property dispositions and extraordinary items, it provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, development activities and interest costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income. We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by the Board of Governors of NAREIT in its March 1995 White Paper (as amended in November 1999 and April 2002), which may differ from the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by other equity REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other REITs. Further, FFO does not represent amounts available for managements discretionary use because of needed capital replacement or expansion, debt service obligations, or other commitments and uncertainties. FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to pay dividends or make distributions. |
53
Selected consolidated pro forma and historical financial data
The following table presents the reconciliation of FFO to our net income (loss) before allocation to minority interest, which we believe is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to FFO.
Company |
Extra Space Predecessor |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(Pro Forma) | (Historical) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Three Ended |
Year Ended December 31, 2003 |
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Reconciliation of FFO: | 2004 | 2003 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (1,162 | ) | $ | 1,786 | $ | (6,792 | ) | $ | (3,619 | ) | $ | (17,946 | ) | $ | (9,542 | ) | $ | (4,924 | ) | $ | (9,869 | ) | $ | (4,692 | ) | ||||||||||
Plus: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate depreciation and amortization |
4,024 | 14,167 | 2,477 | 1,249 | 6,048 | 3,075 | 2,554 | 800 | 81 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Real estate depreciation and amortization included in equity in earnings of unconsolidated joint ventures |
82 | 358 | 107 | 112 | 447 | 211 | 132 | 106 | 67 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangibles related to tenant relationships |
1,306 | 6,171 | 121 | 165 | 330 | 660 | | | | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) allocated to minority interest in operating partnership |
(106 | ) | 162 | | | | | | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Plus (Less:) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loss (Gain) on sale of real estate assets |
171 | (672 | ) | 171 | | (672 | ) | | (4,677 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
FFO(1) |
$ | 4,315 | $ | 21,972 | $ | (3,916 | ) | $ | (2,093 | ) | $ | (11,793 | ) | $ | (5,596 | ) | $ | (6,915 | ) | $ | (8,963 | ) | $ | (4,544 | ) | |||||||||||
(1) | The FFO for the year ended December 31, 2003 of the company on a pro forma basis as compared to the historical amount, has increased due to the purchase of the joint venture interest in 13 properties, the minority interest in 31 consolidated properties and the acquisition of 49 properties from third parties. These acquisitions resulted in an increase in revenues of approximately $44.4 million, and an increase in net income of approximately $20.3 million. |
54
Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations
You should read the following discussion together with the Selected consolidated pro forma and historical financial data and the pro forma and historical consolidated financial statements, and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus and the financial information set forth in the tables below. All amounts in the following discussion are in thousands except per share and storage unit data, or as indicated otherwise.
We are a fully integrated, self-administered and self-managed real estate investment trust formed to continue the business commenced in 1977 by our predecessor companies to own, operate, acquire, develop and redevelop professionally managed self-storage properties. Since 1996, our fully integrated development and acquisition teams have completed the development or acquisition of more than 100 self-storage properties. We continue to evaluate a range of new growth initiatives and opportunities for our company. To enable us to maximize revenue generating opportunities for our properties, we employ a state-of-the-art proprietary web-based tracking and yield management technology called STORE. Developed by our management team, STORE enables us to analyze, set and adjust rental rates in real time across our portfolio in order to respond to changing market conditions.
We derive substantially all of our revenues from rents received from tenants under existing leases on each of our self-storage properties. We experience minor seasonal fluctuations in occupancy levels, with occupancy levels generally higher in the summer months due to increased moving activity. Our operating results therefore depend materially on our ability to lease available self-storage space and on the ability of our tenants to make required rental payments. We believe we are able to respond quickly and effectively to changes in local, regional and national economic conditions by adjusting rental rates through use of STORE.
In the future, we intend to focus on increasing the operating performance of our existing portfolio, and will continue to seek to acquire privately-held self-storage properties and to pursue new development opportunities. We will attempt to mitigate the risks normally associated with early-stage development and lease-up by undertaking development activities in conjunction with our joint venture partners.
The indebtedness we expect to have outstanding upon completion of the offering will be comprised principally of mortgage indebtedness secured by our properties, including those acquired in the formation transactions. We expect this indebtedness to aggregate approximately $423.3 million in principal amount. We also received commitments from a group of banks, led by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. for a $100.0 million line of credit, subject to the completion of definitive loan documentation and the completion of due diligence. We expect to have an aggregate of $26.2 million of indebtedness maturing at various times during 2004 and $27.5 million of indebtedness maturing at various times during 2005. We expect that each of these loans will be refinanced as they mature either through unsecured private or public debt offerings, additional debt financings secured by individual properties or groups of properties or by additional equity offerings.
Prior to the completion of the offering and the formation transactions, our business has been operated by our predecessor, Extra Space Storage LLC, and its affiliates. The consolidated financial statements of our predecessor for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and the year ended December 31, 2003 include the operating results of 22 properties held in joint ventures which our predecessor accounted for using
55
Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations
the equity method of accounting. Following completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we will consolidate the results of operations of the 22 properties previously held in our non-consolidated joint ventures and will purchase the equity interests held by third parties in all but three of our consolidated joint ventures.
As a result of the above changes and other structural changes that will occur as part of the formation transactions, our intention to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with the taxable year ending December 31, 2004 and the improving climate for the self-storage industry as described below, we do not believe that the results of operations discussion of the Extra Space Predecessor set forth below is necessarily indicative of our future operating results.
RESTATEMENT OF PREDECESSOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND INTERNAL CONTROL REMEDIATION
In connection with our preparation for the offering, we engaged in a process that involved the intensive review of the various joint venture arrangements that Extra Space Storage LLC had historically employed to finance part of its development and acquisition activities. As a result of this process, we reissued the historical financial statements of Extra Space Storage LLC for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001 to reflect a restatement of those financial statements to (1) consolidate some of our joint venture arrangements (relating to a total of 20 of our properties in 2002 and a total of 12 of our properties in 2001), (2) reverse certain gains relating to transactions that we had accounted for as property sales, (3) add additional footnote disclosures to the notes to such financial statements to disclose the existence of debt and preferred return guarantees that Extra Space Storage LLC and one member of our management team had provided in connection with such joint ventures and (4) adjust certain other items. For the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, these changes did not affect the cash available for distribution to the members of Extra Space Storage LLC but resulted in an increase in the net loss of Extra Space Storage LLC for the year ended December 31, 2002 from $1,334 to $9,542, an increase in revenues (including equity in earnings and gain on sale of real estate assets) from $28,562 to $33,357, an increase in expenses from $29,013 to $39,040 and an increase in income allocated to minority interest from $883 to $3,859. For the year ended December 31, 2001, the changes resulted in a decrease in net income of Extra Space Storage LLC from $522 to a net loss of $4,924, an increase in revenues (including equity in earnings and gain on sale of real estate assets) from $23,210 to $27,781, an increase in expenses from $22,688 to $31,711 and an increase in income allocated to minority interest from $0 to $994. The restatement also resulted in an increase as of December 31, 2002 in total assets of $52,187, total liabilities of $68,324 and a decrease in other minority interests of $15,170 and a decrease in accumulated deficit of $14,255. The restatement also resulted in an increase as of December 31, 2001 in total assets of $33,569, total liabilities of $27,916 and other minority interests of $3,994 and a decrease in accumulated deficit of $7,309.
In connection with this process, our independent auditors have informed us that for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, they determined that there was a material weakness in internal control over the manner in which our predecessor accounted for and reported on the terms of transactions involving certain of our joint venture arrangements and company and related party guarantees. We took steps to improve our predecessors internal controls in this area and we believe that we have remedied this weakness. As a result of these efforts, our independent auditors have not advised us of any material weakness in our predecessors internal controls for the year ended December 31, 2003. Our board of directors and management team are committed to evaluating and continuing to improve our procedures relating to internal controls over our financial reporting as we complete our transition from a private to a publicly-traded company.
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Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations
From the beginning of 2001 through the end of 2003, regional and national economic conditions, industry dynamics and competitive pressures have prevented many self-storage operators from increasing rental rates at their properties and have led others to offer rental discounts to tenants in order to improve occupancy rates. As a result, it has been difficult for us as well as many operators in many regions to improve the operating performance of their properties. We believe that, although the industry continues to face challenges, recent improvements in economic conditions and changes in industry dynamics have enhanced the prospects for operators to grow revenues by increasing rents from existing tenants and by adding new tenants to properties at rising price levels. As a result, we anticipate an improving climate for the self-storage industry, particularly for well-located, convenient, and highly-visible self-storage properties. The performance of our same-store portfolio in the fourth quarter of 2003, which is discussed below, supports our assessment of improving conditions for the self-storage industry.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
We have prepared the consolidated financial statements of the Extra Space Predecessor and will prepare the consolidated financial statements for our company in accordance with GAAP which require us to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the recorded amount of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates. We have provided a summary of our significant accounting policies in Note 1 to the Notes to our consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2003. We have summarized below those accounting policies that require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments and that have the most significant impact on our financial condition and results of operations. Our management evaluates these estimates on an ongoing basis. These estimates are based on information currently available to management and on various other assumptions management believes are reasonable as of the date of this prospectus.
Ø | Acquisitions of real estate and intangible assets. When we acquire real estate properties, we allocate the components of the acquisition price using relative fair values determined based on certain estimates and assumptions. These estimates and assumptions impact the allocation of costs between land and different categories of land improvements as well as the amount of costs assigned to individual properties in multiple property acquisitions. These allocations impact the amount of depreciation expense and gains and losses recorded on future sales of self-storage properties, and therefore the net income or loss we report. |
We determine the fair value of the real estate we acquire, including land, land improvements and buildings, by valuing the real estate at the purchase price less any intangible assets. We then allocate this fair value to land, land improvements and buildings based on our determination of the relative fair values of these assets.
We determine the fair value of the intangible assets we acquire in accordance with purchase accounting for acquisitions by considering the value of in-place leases and the value of tenant relationships. We do not place a value on the in-place leases due to the month-to-month terms of the leases. We value tenant relationships as two months projected rent (end of month rent roll), based on the stable nature of rentals and vacates in our self-storage properties and the minimal amount of time and effort required to replace an existing tenant.
Ø | Useful lives of assets and amortization methods. We determine the useful lives of our real estate assets (generally 39 years) based on historical and industry experience with the lives of those particular assets and experience with the timing of significant repairs and replacement of those assets. |
57
Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations
We have estimated the useful life of tenant relationships to be approximately 18 months based on our experience with the period of time a tenant stays in our facility. |
Ø | Impairment of real estate. We recognize an impairment loss on a real estate asset to be held and used in our operations if the assets undiscounted expected future cash flows are less than its depreciated cost whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the real estate asset may not be recoverable. We compute a real estate assets undiscounted expected future cash flow using certain estimates and assumptions. We calculate the impairment loss as the difference between the assets fair market value and its carrying value. |
Ø | Impairment of intangible assets. We combine our intangible assets, which consist primarily of lease and customer intangibles with a definite life, with the related tangible assets (primarily consisting of real estate assets) at the lowest level for which cash flows are readily identifiable. |
Whenever events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset group is not recoverable, the asset group is tested for recoverability. If the asset group is not recoverable from the undiscounted cash flows attributable to that asset group, an impairment loss is recognized as the difference between the carrying value of the asset group and the estimated fair value of the asset group.
Ø | Investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures. We evaluate each of our real estate ventures to determine whether it is a variable interest entity under the provisions of FASB Interpretation No. 46R, Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an interpretation of ARB No. 51 (revised December 2003) which we refer to as FIN 46R. We will consolidate the variable interest entity for which we are deemed to be the primary beneficiary under FIN 46R. We account for our investments in unconsolidated real estate ventures under the equity method of accounting, as we exercise significant influence over, but do not control, these entities under the provisions of the entities governing agreements. These investments are recorded initially at cost, as investments in real estate ventures, and subsequently adjusted for equity in earnings and cash contributions and distributions. |
Ø | Derivatives. We manage our exposure to interest rate risk through the use of cash flow hedges and recognize in earnings the ineffective portion of gains or losses associated with cash flow hedges immediately. We obtain values for the interest rate caps from financial institutions that market these instruments. |
Ø | Allowance for doubtful accounts. We have not recorded an allowance for doubtful accounts. Substantially all of our receivables are comprised of rent due from our tenants. Historically, we have not experienced significant losses on our tenants receivables. However, collection of future receivables cannot be assured. |
We will be subject to a number of operational and organizational requirements to maintain our qualification as a REIT. If we are subject to audit and if the Internal Revenue Service determined that we failed one or more of these tests, we could lose our REIT qualification. If we did not qualify as a REIT, our income would become subject to federal, state and local income taxes, which would be substantial, and the resulting adverse effects on our results of operations, liquidity and amounts distributable to our stockholders would be material.
58
Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS FOR THE EXTRA SPACE PREDECESSOR
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2004 to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2003
Overview
Results for the three months ended March 31, 2004 included the operations of 108 properties (70 of which were consolidated and 38 of which were in joint ventures historically accounted for using the equity method) compared to the results for the three months ended March 31, 2003, which included the operations of 87 properties (51 of which were consolidated and 36 of which were in joint ventures historically accounted for using the equity method). Results for both periods also included equity in earnings of real estate ventures, third-party management fees, acquisition fees and development fees.
Total Revenue
Revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2004 was $10,926 compared to $8,330 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, an increase of $2,596, or 31.2%. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $2,515 in property rental revenues.
Property rental revenues (including merchandise sales, insurance administrative fees and late fees) increased by $2,515, or 33.6%. This increase consisted of approximately a $1,680 increase from 12 stabilized properties that were acquired, a $300 increase from 10 additional lease-up properties that opened after March 31, 2003, a $660 increase from existing lease-up properties, a $150 decrease from two properties that were previously consolidated, a $200 decrease from the sale of two properties, and a $225 increase from stabilized properties. The increase relating to lease-up properties primarily resulted from occupancy increases, while the increase in stabilized property revenues consists primarily of increased rental rates. Two properties were no longer consolidated in 2004 following the satisfaction and expiration of certain performance guarantees.
Management fees represent 6.0% of cash collected from the management of properties owned by third parties and unconsolidated joint ventures.
Acquisition fees and development fees increased by $13. The increase in acquisition and development was primarily due to a decrease in development activity.
Other income represents interest income and income from truck rentals.
Total Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2004 were $10,555 compared to $7,335 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, an increase of $3,220, or 43.9%. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $772 in property operating expenses, an increase of $980 in general and administrative expenses, and an increase of $1,245 in depreciation and amortization.
Property Operating Expenses
For the three months ended March 31, 2004, property operating expenses were $4,410 compared to $3,638 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, an increase of $772, or 21.2%, consisting of approximately a $600 increase from the acquisition of 12 stabilized properties, a $425 increase from 10 additional lease-up properties that opened after March 31, 2003, a $155 increase from existing lease-up properties, a $140 decrease from two properties that were previously consolidated, a $175 decrease from the sale of two properties and approximately a $93 decrease in expenses from stabilized properties. The increase in expenses on lease-up properties relates primarily to increased operating costs such as payroll,
59
Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations
utilities, office expenses and repairs and maintenance. In addition, these lease-up properties have experienced reassessments resulting in increased property taxes. The decrease in stabilized property expenses consists primarily of snow removal and property tax expenses.
General and Other Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2004 were $2,970 compared to $1,990 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, an increase of $980, or 49.2%. This increase is primarily due to an increase in payroll related expenses of approximately $300 resulting from increased wages and personnel and a decrease of approximately $400 in development expenses capitalized in 2004 compared to 2003 and $100 in additional professional fees.
Unrecovered Development/Acquisition Costs and Support Payments
Unrecovered development costs were $498 for the three months ended March 31, 2004 compared to $275 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, an increase of $223, or 81.1%. The increase in unrecovered development costs was due to the write-off of approximately $300 in costs relating to a development project in Inglewood, California during the three months ended March 31, 2004.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization for the three months ended March 31, 2004, was $2,677 compared to $1,432 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, an increase of $1,245, or 86.9%. The difference primarily relates to the 12 stabilized properties that were acquired, and the 10 new lease-up properties.
Interest Expense
Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2004 was $6,367 compared to $4,430 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, an increase of $1,937, or 43.7%. The increase was due primarily to an increase of approximately $785 relating to additional indebtedness used to purchase the 12 stabilized properties, approximately $275 relating to additional indebtedness on new and existing lease-up properties, the write-off of $400 on deferred financing costs on loans that were repaid and approximately $260 decrease in capitalized interest in 2004 compared to 2003. The remaining increase is due to additional interest associated with the putable preferred interests in consolidated joint ventures.
Minority Interest-Fidelity Preferred Return
Minority interest-Fidelity preferred return for the three months ended March 31, 2004 was $1,096 compared to $999 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, an increase of $97, or 9.7%. The increase was primarily due to additional interest being accrued on the initial investment and unpaid preference amounts.
Minority Interest
Minority interest for the three months ended March 31, 2004 was $210 compared to $414 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, a decrease of $204, or 49.3%. This decrease was due to the fact that the Livermore and Parlin properties were de-consolidated in 2003.
Loss on the Sale of Real Estate Assets
Loss on the sale of real estate assets for the three months ended March 31, 2004 was $171 compared to $0 for the three months ended March 31, 2003. The increase was due to the sale of a property in Walnut, California to Extra Space West, LLC, a joint venture partner, for $6,406. This loss was a result of construction costs overruns.
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Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2003 to the Year Ended December 31, 2002
Overview
Results for the year ended December 31, 2003 included the operations of 94 properties (57 of which were consolidated and 37 of which were in joint ventures historically accounted for using the equity method) compared to the results for the year ended December 31, 2002, which included the operations of 88 properties (54 of which were consolidated and 34 of which were joint ventures historically accounted for using the equity method). Results for both periods also included equity and earnings of real estate ventures, third-party management fees, acquisition fees and development fees.
Total Revenue
Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $36,261 compared to $32,386 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $3,875, or 11.9%. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $4,243 in property rental revenues.
Property rental revenues (including merchandise sales, insurance administrative fees and late fees) increased by $4,243, or 14.7%, consisting of approximately $3,840 from the lease-up properties and $403 from stabilized properties. During the year ended December 31, 2003, the Extra Space Predecessor opened six new properties, and continued to increase the occupancy at its other lease-up properties. The increase in stabilized property revenues consists primarily of increased rental rates.
Management fees represent 6.0% of cash collected from the management of properties owned by third-parties and unconsolidated joint ventures.
Acquisition fees and development fees decreased by $268. The decrease in acquisition fees and development fees was primarily due to the decreased volume of acquisitions in 2003. This decrease in the number of properties acquired was the result of increased competition for these properties and overall higher prices for the properties for sale.
Other income represents interest income and income from truck rentals.
Total Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2003 were $34,897 compared to $25,146 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $9,751, or 38.8%. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $3,218 in property operating expenses, an increase of $2,381 in general and administrative expenses, and an increase of $2,999 in unrecovered development/acquisition costs.
Property Operating Expenses
For the year ended December 31, 2003, property operating expenses were $14,858 compared to $11,640 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $3,218, or 27.6%. The increase was due primarily to increases in expenses of approximately $2,810 resulting from lease-up properties and approximately $408 in expenses from stabilized properties.
During the year ended December 31, 2003, the Extra Space Predecessor opened six new properties, and continued to increase the occupancy at its other lease-up properties. Existing lease-up property expenses increased due to increases in utilities, office expenses, repairs and maintenance and property taxes due to reassessment. The increase in stabilized property expenses consists primarily of payroll and repairs and maintenance.
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Managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations
General and Other Administrative Expenses
General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2003, were $8,297 compared to $5,916 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $2,381, or 40.2%. This increase is primarily due to fewer development expenses capitalized in 2003$1,797than were capitalized in 2002$3,788.
Unrecovered Development/Acquisition Costs and Support Payments
Unrecovered development costs were $4,937 for the year ended December 31, 2003 compared to $1,938 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $2,999, or 154.7%. Unrecovered development costs for 2003 and 2002 included $1,520 and $314, respectively, relating to the final performance guarantee payments to Extra Space West One, LLC and Extra Space East One, LLC, joint venture partners. In addition, the increase was due to approximately $2,500 in costs relating to a potential acquisition written off during the year ended December 31, 2003.
Depreciation and Amortization
Depreciation and amortization for the year ended December 31, 2003, was $6,805 compared to $5,652 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $1,153, or 20.4%. The difference relates to more properties being open for the entire year ended December 31, 2003, than were open during the year ended December 31, 2002.
Interest Expense
Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $18,746 compared to $13,894 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $4,852, or 34.9%. The increase was due primarily to indebtedness relating to new properties entering the lease-up stage being expensed rather than capitalized (interest was capitalized during the development phase). Capitalized interest during the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002 was $2,593 and $2,071, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2003, our predecessor opened six new properties, which increased our predecessors average outstanding debt and, as a consequence, increased interest costs. This increase in interest expense was partially offset by lower interest rates on variable rate debt. The remainder of the increase was due to the increase in the payable to Equibase Mini Warehouse.
Minority Interest-Fidelity Preferred Return
Minority interest-Fidelity preferred return for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $4,132 compared to $3,759 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $373, or 9.9%. The increase was primarily due to an increased investment by Fidelity that was outstanding for the entire year of 2003 compared to three months of 2002.
Minority Interest
Minority interest for the year ended December 31, 2003 was ($1,431) compared to $100 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $1,531, or 1,531%. The increase was primarily due to additional income allocated to minority investors in 2003 than in 2002 on lease-up properties held by Equibase Mini Warehouse joint ventures, and to the deconsolidation of two properties due to the release of guarantees.
Gain on the Sale of Real Estate Assets
Gain on the sale of real estate assets for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $672 compared to $0 for the year ended December 31, 2002. The increase was due to the sale of a facility in Kings Park, New York for $6,241 to Extra Space East One, LLC, a joint venture partner.
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Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2002 to the Year Ended December 31, 2001
Overview
Results for the year ended December 31, 2002 include the operations of the 88 properties (54 of which were consolidated and 34 of which were in joint ventures historically accounted for using the equity method) as compared to the year ended December 31, 2001 which included 63 properties (35 of which were consolidated and 28 of which were in joint ventures historically accounted for using the equity method). Results for both periods also included equity in earnings of real estate ventures, third-party management fees, acquisition fees and development fees.
Total Revenue
Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2002 was $32,386 compared to $22,999 for the year ended December 31, 2001, an increase of $9,387, or 40.8%. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $9,437 in property rental revenues.
Property rental revenues (including merchandise sales, insurance administrative fees and late fees) increased by $9,437, consisting of $6,665 from seven properties that were acquired at the end of 2001, approximately $2,469 from the lease-up properties and approximately $301 from stabilized properties. During the year ended December 31, 2001, our predecessor opened 11 new development properties. The increase in lease-up property revenues consists primarily of occupancy increases. The increase in stabilized property revenues consists primarily of increased rental rates.
Management fees represent 6.0% of cash collected from the management of properties owned by third parties and unconsolidated joint ventures.
Acquisition fees and development fees increased by $88. The increase in acquisition fees and development fees was primarily due to the size of the acquisitions in 2002 by affiliates of our predecessor. In particular, our predecessor received an acquisition fee in connection with the acquisition by Extra Space Northern Properties Six, LLC, a joint venture partner, of six properties.
Other income represents interest income and income from truck rentals.
Total Operating Expenses
Total operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2002 were $25,146 compared to $20,234 for the year ended December 31, 2001, an increase of $4,912, or 24.3%. This increase was primarily due to an increase of $3,488 in property operating expenses.
Property Operating Expenses
For the year ended December 31, 2002, property operating expenses were $11,640 compared to $8,152 for the year ended December 31, 2001, an increase of $3,488, or 42.8%. The increase was due primarily to increases in expenses of $2,308 from seven properties that were acquired at the end of 2001, approximately $1,097 from the lease-up properties and approximately $82 from stabilized properties. Lease-up property expenses increased due to increases in utilities, office expenses, repairs and maintenance, and property taxes due to reassessment.
General and Other Administrative Expenses
Other administrative expense for the year ended December 31, 2002, was $5,916 compared to $6,750 for the year ended December 31, 2001, a decrease of $834, or 12.4%. This decrease was primarily due to more development expenses capitalized in 2002, $3,788, than were capitalized in 2001, $2,695.
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Unrecovered Development/Acquisition Costs and Support Payments
Unrecovered development costs were $1,938 for the year ended December 31, 2002 compared to $2,227 for the year ended December 31, 2001, a decrease of $289, or 12.9%. Excluding performance guarantee payments to Extra Space West One, LLC, a joint venture partner of $314 in 2002 and $1,577 in 2001, unrecovered development costs were $1,624 and $650, respectively. This increase was due to the write-off of $1.1 million in additional development costs in 2002 relating to two development projects on which all development activities had been suspended.
Interest Expense
Interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2002 was $13,894 compared to $11,477 for the year ended December 31, 2001, an increase of $2,417, or 21.1%. The increase is due to interest expense of $2,403 from seven properties that were acquired at the end of 2001. The remaining increase was due primarily to the increase in the payable to Equibase Mini Warehouse. The increased interest expense was offset by lower interest rates on variable rate debt in 2002.
Depreciation and Amortization Expense
Depreciation and amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2002, was $5,652 compared to $3,105 for the year ended December 31, 2001, an increase of $2,547, or 82.0%. The increase was due primarily to increases in expenses of $1,272 from seven properties that were acquired on December 31, 2001, and additional expense relating to 11 new properties, which were completed in 2002.
Minority Interest-Fidelity Preferred Return
Minority interest-Fidelity preferred return for the year ended December 31, 2002 was $3,759 compared to $322 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $3,437, or 1067.4%. The increase was due to the Fidelity investment being outstanding for the entire year of 2002 and approximately one month of 2001.
Minority Interest
Minority interest for the year ended December 31, 2002 was $100 compared to $672 for the year ended December 31, 2001, an increase $572, or 85.1%. The increase was primarily due to additional income allocated to minority investors in 2002 than in 2001 on lease-up properties held in Equibase Mini Warehouse joint ventures.
Gain on the Sale of Real Estate Assets
Gain on the sale of real estate assets for the year ended December 31, 2002 was $0 as compared to $4,677 for the year ended December 31, 2001. The gain on sale of real estate recognized in 2001 related to two separate sales with proceeds totaling $37,205.
SAME-STORE STABILIZED PROPERTY RESULTS
We consider our same-store stabilized portfolio to consist of only those properties owned by the Extra Space Predecessor at the beginning and at the end of the applicable periods presented and that had achieved stabilization as of the first day of such period. The following table sets forth operating data for our same-store portfolio for the periods presented. We consider the following same-store presentation to be meaningful for investors because it provides information relating to property-level operating changes without the effects of acquisitions or completed developments. Although the number of same-store stabilized properties reflects information for only a portion of our total portfolio following completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we believe this presentation provides a meaningful period-over-period comparison because it includes all stabilized properties that were consolidated for all periods presented.
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Extra Space Predecessor Same-Store Stabilized Property Results
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Percent |
Year Ended December 31, |
Percent |
Year Ended December 31, |
Percent |
||||||||||||||||||||||
2004 | 2003 | 2003 | 2002 | 2002 | 2001 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Same-store rental revenues |
$ | 5,448 | $ | 5,292 | 3.0 | % | $ | 21,862 | $ | 21,459 | 1.9 | % | $ | 12,197 | $ | 11,896 | 2.5 | % | |||||||||
Same-store operating expenses |
2,122 | 2,176 | (2.5 | %) | 8,604 | 8,196 | 5.0 | % | 4,917 | 4,834 | 1.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
Non same-store rental revenues |
4,548 | 2,189 | 107.8 | % | 11,192 | 7,352 | 52.2 | % | 16,614 | 7,479 | 122.1 | % | |||||||||||||||
Non same-store operating expenses |
2,288 | 1,462 | 56.5 | % | 6,254 | 3,444 | 81.6 | % | 6,723 | 3,317 | 102.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
Total rental revenues |
9,996 | 7,481 | 33.6 | % | 33,054 | 28,811 | 14.7 | % | 28,811 | 19,375 | 48.7 | % | |||||||||||||||
Total operating expenses |
4,410 | 3,638 | 21.2 | % | 14,858 | 11,640 | 27.7 | % | 11,640 | 8,151 | 42.8 | % | |||||||||||||||
Number of properties included in same-store |
31 | 31 | 31 | 31 | 20 | 20 |
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2004 to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2003
Same-Store Rental Revenues. Total revenue for our predecessors same-store stabilized property portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2004 was $5,448 compared to $5,292 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, an increase of $156, or 3.0%. This increase was primarily due to increased rental rates.
Same-Store Operating Expenses. Total operating expenses for our predecessors same-store stabilized property portfolio for the three months ended March 31, 2004 was $2,122 compared to $2,176 for the three months ended March 31, 2003, a decrease of $54, or 2.5%. This decrease was primarily due to additional property taxes being expensed in the three months ended March 31, 2003.
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2003 to the Year Ended December 31, 2002
Same-Store Rental Revenues. Total revenue for our predecessors same-store stabilized property portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $21,862 compared to $21,459 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $403, or 1.9%. This increase was primarily due to increased rental rates.
Same-Store Operating Expenses. Total operating expenses for our predecessors same-store stabilized property portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2003 was $8,604 compared to $8,196 for the year ended December 31, 2002, an increase of $408, or 5.0%. This increase was primarily due to increased payroll, advertising, snow removal (due to heavy snow falls experienced in New England) and property taxes.
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2002 to the Year Ended December 31, 2001
Same-Store Rental Revenues. Total revenue for our predecessors same-store stabilized property portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2002 was $12,197 compared to $11,896 for the year ended December 31, 2001, an increase of $301, or 2.5%. This increase was primarily due to increased rental rates.
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Same-Store Operating Expenses. Total operating expenses for our predecessors same-store property portfolio for the year ended December 31, 2002 was $4,917 compared to $4,834 for the year ended December 31, 2001, an increase of $83, or 1.7%. This increase was primarily due to increased payroll costs and increased property taxes.
CASH FLOWS
Comparison of the Three Months Ended March 31, 2004 to the Three Months Ended March 31, 2003
Cash used in operations was ($2,971) and ($1,105) for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The increase in 2004 was primarily due to additional lease-up properties being added to the portfolio, and the need to fund the operations of these properties.
Cash used in investing activities was ($84,865) and ($16,375) for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The increase in 2004 was primarily due to the acquisition of nine stabilized properties for $79,250 offset by $6,406 of proceeds from the sale of one property.
Cash provided by financing activities was $79,672 and $11,790 for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and 2003, respectively. The increase in 2004 was due primarily to member contributions of $19,480, additional borrowings of $188,512 including borrowings to fund the purchase of nine stabilized properties, the development of existing projects, and the repayment of $123,143 of borrowings.
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2003 to the Year Ended December 31, 2002
Cash used in operations was ($9,307) and ($70) for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The increase in 2003 was primarily due to a decrease in the acquisition of properties and sale of a property in 2003. There were no property sales in 2002. These properties continue to increase in occupancy, but it has still been necessary to fund the cash shortfalls relating to these properties.
Cash used in investing activities was ($57,757) and ($65,666) for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The increase in 2003 was due to the sale of a property in Kings Park, New York for $6,241 to Extra Space East One, LLC, a joint venture partner. Development activity in 2003 was similar to 2002.
Cash provided by financing activities was $72,349 and $64,963 for the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, respectively. The increase in 2003 was due primarily to additional borrowings and additional equity contributions by members of the company. These borrowings have been primarily in the form of construction loans on development properties and mortgage loans on operating properties.
Comparison of the Year Ended December 31, 2002 to the Year Ended December 31, 2001
Cash used in operations was ($70) and ($4,964) for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The improvement in 2002 was primarily due to changes in operating assets and liabilities including increases in other assets and the add back of the minority interest relating to the Fidelity preferred return and depreciation.
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Cash used in investing activities was ($65,666) and ($8,884) for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The increase in 2002 was due primarily to a higher level of development and acquisition of self-storage properties and fewer sales of assets.
Cash provided by financing activities was $64,963 and $19,446 for the years ended December 31, 2002 and 2001, respectively. The increase in 2002 was due primarily to additional borrowings to fund the increased level of development and acquisition of self-storage properties. Related party borrowings and additional funds provided by joint venture partners to fund the development and operations of lease-up properties increased in 2002.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
As of March 31, 2004, we had approximately $3,582 available in cash and cash equivalents. As a REIT, we will be required to distribute at least 90% of our net taxable income, excluding net capital gains, to our stockholders on an annual basis. Therefore, as a general matter, it is unlikely that we will have any substantial cash balances that could be used to meet our liquidity needs. Instead, these needs must be met from cash generated from operations and external sources of capital.
We believe that the offering and the formation transactions will improve our capital structure by increasing our equity capitalization and reducing our overall leverage. Upon completion of the offering and the financing transactions, we expect to have approximately $423.3 million of outstanding indebtedness and our debt to total market capitalization ratio, defined as total outstanding indebtedness divided by the sum of the market value of our outstanding common stock (which may decrease, thereby increasing our debt to total capitalization ratio), including options that we will grant to certain of our officers plus the aggregate value of OP units not owned by us, plus the book value of our total consolidated indebtedness, will be approximately 49.4%. Approximately $299.5 million, or 70.8%, of our pro forma total indebtedness will be fixed rate and approximately $123.8 million, or 29.2%, will be variable rate. With respect to $61.8 million of our fixed rate indebtedness, prior to completion of the offering and the formation transactions we expect to swap this indebtedness with a proposed $61.8 million variable rate mortgage due 2009 which we expect to bear interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 32 basis points. We have only one interest rate hedge instrument in place in an amount of $3.1 million and currently do not intend to enter into any further interest rate hedge agreements.
Short-Term Liquidity Requirements
Our short-term liquidity needs are primarily to fund operating expenses, recurring capital expenditures, interest on our credit facilities and distributions to our common stockholders and holders of OP units. Holders of CCSs or CCUs will not, however, be entitled to receive dividends or distributions from the company or the operating partnership unless such CCSs or CCUs are converted to shares of common stock or OP units, which cannot occur until after the quarter ended March 31, 2006. Our properties require recurring investment of funds for property related capital expenditures and general capital improvements, which we estimate will amount to approximately $1.0 million for 2004. In addition, we expect to have non-recurring capital expenditures of up to $500,000 during the 12 to 18 months following completion of the offering to optimize our long-term results from the formation transactions.
We have received a commitment from a group of banks, led by Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. and including Bank of America, N.A., La Salle Bank National Association and Wachovia Bank, N.A. for a $100.0 million line of credit. Subject to the completion of definitive loan documentation and the completion of due diligence by the lenders, we expect to close this line of credit immediately following the completion
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of the offering. The line of credit provides for availability of up to 70.0% of the appraised value of the 17 properties securing the line of credit. The line is also limited by debt service coverage tests on each property, calculated based on its prior two quarters of operating income. Based on these covenants, we expect to have approximately $56.0 million of availability under the line of credit upon completion of the offering. To increase availability under this line of credit, we would need to increase the operating income at the properties securing the line of credit or add additional properties as security. We are currently in discussions with the lenders under this line of credit to add an additional two to three properties to the pool of assets securing this line of credit, which we believe will increase the borrowing capacity under this line of credit by approximately $18.0 million. There can be no assurances that the lenders will agree to increase their commitments under this line of credit. We expect to use this line of credit to fund the equity portion of acquisitions and our portion of joint venture development projects.
If we are unable to increase the availability under this line of credit, we may be unable to fund our acquisition plans, and our ability to maintain or improve our occupancy and our results of operations may be adversely affected. We expect that we will be able to meet our short-term liquidity needs generally through net cash provided by operations, working capital generated from the offering and the formation transactions, existing cash and funding under our proposed line of credit. In order to meet our short-term liquidity needs, if we are unable to enter into this line of credit, we will pursue other credit options using the same properties that we are proposing to use as collateral for the line of credit in connection with obtaining alternative financing.
Long-Term Liquidity Needs
Our long-term liquidity needs consist primarily of new facility development, property acquisitions, principal payments under our secured credit facilities and non-recurring capital expenditures. We do not expect the net cash provided by operations will be sufficient to meet all of these long-term liquidity needs.
We expect to finance new property developments through modest equity capital contributed by our company in conjunction with construction loans. Upon issuance of a certificate of occupancy covering a new development project, we will have the right, under our new strategic joint venture with an affiliate of Prudential Financial, Inc. to contribute such development projects, subject to any construction financing, to this joint venture. Upon contribution, we expect that Prudential will contribute 95% or more of the capital to the joint venture in order to enable the joint venture to repay any such construction financing and to fund the propertys capital obligations during the lease-up stage. We will have a small capital interest in the contributed property (generally 5% or less). Any operating losses during the lease-up stage will be borne by the joint venture and will be allocated to the joint venture partners in proportion to their invested capital. In this joint venture, we will have the right to receive 40% of the available cash flow from operations once our joint venture partner has received a predetermined return on its investment, and 40% of the available cash flow from capital transactions once our joint venture partner has received a return of its capital plus such predetermined return. The joint venture agreement will include certain buy-sell rights, including a right of first refusal in favor of us to purchase the property from the joint venture following stabilization. We also expect to enter into new joint venture arrangements with other of our existing joint venture partners.
We expect to fund our property acquisitions through a combination of borrowings under our proposed line of credit and traditional secured mortgage financing. In addition, we expect to use our OP units as currency to acquire self-storage facilities from existing owners seeking a tax deferred transaction.
We expect to meet our other long-term liquidity requirements through net cash provided by operations and through additional equity and debt financings, including loans from banks, institutional investors or other lenders, bridge loans, letters of credit, and other arrangements, most of which in the short-term following completion of the offering will be secured by mortgages on our properties. Additionally, we
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may also issue unsecured debt in the future. We also may issue publicly or privately placed debt securities. We do not currently have in place commitments for any such financings and our ability to meet our long-term liquidity needs over time will depend upon prevailing market conditions.
Except as disclosed in the notes to the financial statements of the Extra Space Predecessor, we do not currently have and have never had any relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purposes entities, which typically are established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes. Further, we have not guaranteed any obligations of unconsolidated entities nor do we have any commitment or intent to provide funding to any such entities. Accordingly, we are not materially exposed to any financing, liquidity, market or credit risk that could arise if we had engaged in these relationships.
Expenditures for maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. Major replacements and betterments that improve or extend the life of the property are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. We expect our 2004 capital expenditures to be approximately $1.4 million for ongoing maintenance and repairs.
INDEBTEDNESS OUTSTANDING AFTER THE OFFERING
In addition to our proposed line of credit, our indebtedness outstanding upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions will be comprised principally of mortgage indebtedness secured by our properties, including those acquired in the formation transactions. On a pro forma basis, our indebtedness will be approximately $423.3 million in principal amount. The following table sets forth certain information with respect to such indebtedness:
Amount of Debt |
Weighted Average Interest Rate |
Maturity Date |
Annual Debt Service |
Balance at Maturity(1) | |||||||||||
(dollars in thousands) | |||||||||||||||
Fixed Rate Debt: |
|||||||||||||||
New senior fixed rate mortgage due 2009 |
$ | 83,102 | 4.70 | % | 2009 | $ | 5,657 | $ | 73,253 | ||||||
New senior fixed rate mortgage due 2011 |
68,400 | 4.79 | 2011 | 3,276 | 63,890 | ||||||||||
Proposed senior fixed rate mortgage due 2010 |
111,000 | 5.14 | 2010 | 5,705 | 111,000 | ||||||||||
Eight existing individual fixed rate mortgages(2) |
37,020 | 5.42 | Various | 2,885 | Various | ||||||||||
Variable Rate Debt: |
|||||||||||||||
Eleven existing individual variable rate mortgages |
43,016 | 4.42 | (3) | Various | 1,902 | (3) | Various | ||||||||
Proposed variable rate mortgage due 2007 |
19,000 | 3.00 | (3) | 2007 | 1,110 | (3) | 19,000 | ||||||||
Proposed senior variable rate mortgage due 2009 |
61,770 | 1.57 | (3) | 2009 | 772 | (3) | 61,770 | ||||||||
Total Debt |
$ | 423,308 | |||||||||||||
(1) | Assumes no early repayment of principal. |
(2) | Includes three loans that will be assumed by our company in connection with the formation transactions. |
(3) | Assumes a LIBOR rate of 1.25%. |
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The following table sets forth the repayment schedule with respect to the indebtedness we expect to have outstanding upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions:
Amounts (dollars in thousands) | |||
Through December 31, 2004 |
$ | 26,154 | |
2005 |
27,492 | ||
2006 |
6,332 | ||
2007 |
19,000 | ||
2008 |
3,500 | ||
Thereafter |
340,830 | ||
Total Commitments |
$ | 423,308 | |
Material Provisions of Consolidated Indebtedness to be Outstanding Upon Completion of the Offering
The following is a summary of our material indebtedness expected to be outstanding after the offering and the formation transactions:
New Senior Fixed Rate Mortgage Due 2009. On March 16, 2004, we entered into a new $83.1 million senior fixed rate mortgage due 2009 with GE Capital Corporation which is secured by 20 self-storage properties. This debt bears interest at a fixed rate of 4.70% per annum and requires principal repayments based on a 25-year amortization schedule. The terms of this debt require us to establish reserves relating to the mortgaged properties for real estate taxes, insurance and capital spending.
New Senior Fixed Rate Mortgage Due 2011. On May 4, 2004, we entered into a new $68.4 million senior fixed rate mortgage due 2011 with Bank of America, N.A., which is secured by 20 self-storage properties. This debt bears interest at a fixed rate of approximately 4.79% per annum and will require principal repayments based on a 30-year amortization schedule following the first three years of payments of interest only. The terms of this debt require us to establish reserves relating to the mortgaged properties for real estate taxes, insurance and capital spending.
Proposed Senior Fixed Rate Mortgage Due 2010. We have executed a non-binding term sheet and intend to enter into a proposed $111.0 million senior fixed rate mortgage due 2010 with Wachovia Bank, N.A., which will be secured by 26 self-storage properties. If we enter into this mortgage, it will bear interest at a fixed rate of 1.50% over the five-year Treasury rate. This mortgage will require no principal payments during the term of the loan. The terms of this loan will require us to establish reserves relating to the mortgaged properties for real estate taxes, insurance and capital spending. There can be no assurance that we will be able to close the Wachovia loan. However, Wachovia currently has a mortgage loan outstanding covering the same 26 properties that will secure the Wachovia loan and we believe, based on our discussions with Wachovia, that it will be in a position to close this loan in accordance with the terms outlined in our non-binding term sheet. If the Wachovia loan does not close, we will seek alternative mortgage financing which we believe, based on the number of lenders that have provided loan proposals to us relating to this financing, will be available on acceptable terms. If such alternative financing is not available, we may not be able to complete the Storage Spot acquisition as outlined in this prospectus.
Eight Existing Individual Fixed Rate Mortgages. Eight existing individual fixed rate mortgage loans, including three that we will assume upon completion of the offering and the formation
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transactions, are outstanding with various lenders which aggregate $37.0 million in principal amount. The weighted average interest rate of these mortgages is 5.42% and their maturity dates range from September 2005 to October 2013. These mortgages require the borrower to establish reserves relating to the mortgaged properties for real estate taxes, insurance and capital spending.
Proposed Senior Variable Rate Mortgage Due 2009. Prior to completion of the offering, we expect to swap our existing $61.8 million senior fixed rate mortgage due 2009 with Wachovia Bank, N.A., which is secured by 11 properties and bears interest at a rate of 4.30% per annum, with a new $61.8 million variable rate mortgage due 2009 which will bear interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 32 basis points.
Eleven Existing Individual Variable Rate Mortgages. Eleven existing individual variable rate mortgage loans are outstanding with various lenders which aggregate $43.0 million in principal amount. These mortgages bear interest at variable rates tied to Prime Rate plus 100 or LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 250 to 300 basis points, with a portion carrying an interest floor of 4.25% or 4.75%. Their maturity dates range from June 2004 to May 2006. These mortgages require us to establish reserves relating to the mortgaged properties for real estate taxes, insurance and capital spending.
Proposed Variable Rate Mortgage Due 2007. We have an executed commitment letter from U.S. Bank making available to us a $37.0 million variable rate mortgage loan. We intend to execute this commitment letter to borrow only $19.0 million of the $37.0 million available to us upon completion of the offering. We anticipate this mortgage to be secured by two to three properties (assuming a loan of $19.0 million) and to bear interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 175 basis points and to mature three years after inception with a two year extension available at our option. We expect this mortgage will require us to establish reserves relating to the mortgaged properties for real estate taxes, insurance and capital spending.
We expect to employ leverage in our capital structure in amounts determined from time to time by our board of directors. Although our board of directors has not adopted a policy which limits the total amount of indebtedness that we may incur, it will consider a number of factors in evaluating our level of indebtedness from time to time, as well as the amount of such indebtedness that will be either fixed and variable rate, and in making financial decisions, including, among others, the following:
Ø | the interest rate of the proposed financing; |
Ø | the extent to which the financing impacts our flexibility in managing our properties; |
Ø | prepayment penalties and restrictions on refinancing; |
Ø | the purchase price of properties we acquire with debt financing; |
Ø | our long-term objectives with respect to the financing; |
Ø | our target investment returns; |
Ø | the ability of particular properties, and our company as a whole, to generate cash flow sufficient to cover expected debt service payments; |
Ø | overall level of consolidated indebtedness; |
Ø | timing of debt and lease maturities; |
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Ø | provisions that require recourse and cross-collateralization; |
Ø | corporate credit ratios including debt service coverage, debt to total market capitalization and debt to undepreciated assets; and |
Ø | the overall ratio of fixed- and variable-rate debt. |
Our indebtedness may be recourse, non-recourse or cross-collateralized. If the indebtedness is non-recourse, the collateral will be limited to the particular properties to which the indebtedness relates. In addition, we may invest in properties subject to existing loans secured by mortgages or similar liens on our properties, or may refinance properties acquired on a leveraged basis. We may use the proceeds from any borrowings to refinance existing indebtedness, to refinance investments, including the redevelopment of existing properties, for general working capital or to purchase additional interests in partnerships or joint ventures or for other purposes when we believe it is advisable.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
As of December 31, 2003, our predecessor had, and upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we expect to have one off-balance sheet arrangement, a guarantee of a loan made to Extra Space Northern Properties Six, LLC, one of our joint ventures, in connection with two lease-up properties owned by this joint venture located in Concord and San Ramon, California, for $7.8 million that was entered into November 2002 and is due on May 20, 2005. We believe the fair value of this guarantee will be negligible. At this time, we do not anticipate a substantial risk of incurring a loss with respect to the above arrangement.
Extra Space Development LLC
Effective January 1, 2004, our predecessor distributed to certain holders of its Class A membership interests, 100% of the membership interests in Extra Space Development LLC, which was previously a wholly owned subsidiary of our predecessor. Extra Space Development LLC owns, and upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions will continue to own, interests in 13 early-stage development properties and two parcels of undeveloped land, which are currently subject to significant construction-related indebtedness and have been incurring substantial development-related expenditures. In connection with this distribution, Extra Space Development LLC has granted us a right of first refusal with respect to its interests in 13 early-stage development properties. Extra Space Development LLC will continue to hold its interests in these 13 properties. Extra Space Development LLC intends to enter into agreements with third parties to receive management and development services. Extra Space Development LLC is owned by third-party individuals, as well as by executive officers and directors in the following approximate percentages: Kenneth M. Woolley (33%), Spencer F. Kirk (33%), Richard S. Tanner (7%), Kent Christensen (3%), Charles L. Allen (2%), David L. Rasmussen (0.5%) and Timothy Arthurs (0.5%).
For financial reporting purposes, our predecessor continues to consolidate these properties pursuant to certain financial guarantees. These properties will be de-consolidated upon the elimination of the guarantees prior to completion of the offering.
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Centershift, Inc.
As part of the formation transactions, we have secured for our company through a license agreement with Centershift a perpetual right to continue to enjoy the benefits of STORE in all aspects of our property acquisition, development, redevelopment and operational activities, while the cost of maintaining the infrastructure required to support this product remain the responsibility of Centershift. This license agreement provides for an annual license fee payable by us which we estimate for the year ending December 31, 2004 will aggregate approximately $130,000, in exchange for which we will receive all product upgrades and enhancements and customary customer support services from Centershift. Centershift is required to secure our consent before entering into a license covering STORE with other publicly-traded self-storage companies.
Properties Subject to Transfer Restrictions
Two of the properties acquired as part of the formation transactions located in Venice, California and Sherman Oaks, California are subject to transfer restrictions. Our operating partnership cannot sell these properties for up to 12 years following the closing dates of the acquisitions if such sale would cause certain contributors to recognize a taxable gain for federal income tax purposes. However, if the operating partnership makes an indemnity payment to the contributors, the properties could be sold.
Aircraft Dry Lease
An affiliate of Spencer F. Kirk, one of our directors, has provided us with the benefit of an Aircraft Dry Lease which provides that we have the right to use a 2002 Falcon 50EX aircraft owned by SpenAero, L.L.C. at a rate of $1,740 for each hour of use by us of the aircraft and the payment of all taxes by us associated with our use of the aircraft.
SEASONALITY
Our business is subject to seasonal fluctuations. A greater portion of our revenues and profits are realized from May through September. Our results for any quarter may not be indicative of the results that may be achieved for the full fiscal year.
Inflation in the United States has been relatively low in recent years and did not have a material impact on the results of operations for the Extra Space Predecessor for the three months ended March 31, 2004 and the years ended December 31, 2003 and December 31, 2002. Although the impact of inflation has been relatively insignificant in recent years, it remains a factor in the United States economy and may increase the cost of acquiring or replacing property, plant and equipment and the costs of labor and utilities. Because our leases are month-to-month, we are able to rapidly adjust our rental rates to minimize the adverse impact of any inflation. This reduces our exposure to increases in costs and expenses resulting from inflation.
We currently offer a tenant insurance program. Under this program, policies are issued and administered by a third party for a fee. The storage properties also receive an administrative fee for handling certain administrative duties on the policy. Losses in excess of premiums collected are covered by reinsurance carried by a third party. During the three months ended March 31, 2004 and the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, we recognized $132,000 (of which $93,000 is consolidated and $39,000 is in joint
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ventures historically accounted for using the equity method), $451,000 (of which $288,000 is consolidated and $163,000 is in joint ventures historically accounted for using the equity method) and $198,000 (of which $102,000 is consolidated and $97,000 is in joint ventures historically accounted for using the equity method) in revenue, respectively, which is our administrative fee for administrative duties relating to this insurance program.
We currently sell boxes, packing supplies, locks and other storage and moving supplies. Revenue and expense relating to these activities are collected and paid by our storage facilities. During the three months ended March 31, 2004 and the years ended December 31, 2003 and 2002, we recognized revenue of $266,000 (of which $187,000 is consolidated and $79,000 is in joint ventures historically accounted for using the equity method), $1.1 million (of which $689,000 is consolidated and $367,000 is in joint ventures historically accounted for using the equity methods) and $708,000 (of which $368,000 is consolidated and $340,000 is in joint ventures historically accounted for using the equity methods), respectively.
Other than our third-party development and management business discussed above and the other miscellaneous operations discussed in the previous two paragraphs, we do not currently conduct any other material operations that will be subject to corporate level tax through our taxable REIT subsidiary. These activities will be conducted upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions through our taxable REIT subsidiary.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
In December 2003, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 46R (FIN 46R), Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities, an Interpretation of ARB No. 51 (revised December 2003). FIN 46R addresses consolidation by business enterprises of variable interest entities (VIEs), as defined. For entities created after December 31, 2003, we will be required to apply FIN 46R immediately. FIN 46R is effective for the company for entities created before December 31, 2003, effective for three months ended March 31, 2004. As of March 31, 2004, we have evaluated its investments in joint ventures and economic interests in Extra Space Development LLC with regards to FIN 46R, and has determined the joint ventures and Extra Space Development LLC are VIEs. We are not consolidating Extra Space Development LLC and the ventures as we are not the primary beneficiary. With respect to Extra Space Development LLCs investees, we have determined that certain of these entities are VIEs and we are the primary beneficiary and therefore have consolidated these entities in our consolidated financial statements.
In May 2003, the FASB issued SFAS No. 150, Accounting for Certain Financial Instruments with Characteristics of both Liabilities and Equity. This statement establishes standards for how an issuer classifies and measures certain financial instruments with characteristics of both liabilities and equity. Under SFAS No. 150, an issuer is required to classify financial instruments issued in the form of shares that are mandatorily redeemable, financial instruments that, at inception, embody an obligation to repurchase the issuers equity shares and financial instruments that embody an unconditional obligation, as liabilities. SFAS No. 150 is effective for financial instruments entered into or modified after May 31, 2003, and was effective for us for the year ended December 31, 2003. The adoption of SFAS No. 150 had no impact on our financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
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QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Our future income, cash flows and fair values relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevalent market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. We use some derivative financial instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to our borrowings. We do not use derivatives for trading or speculative purposes and only enter into contracts with major financial institutions based on their credit rating and other factors.
Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we expect to have outstanding approximately $423.3 million of consolidated debt. We expect approximately $123.8 million, or 29.2%, of our total consolidated debt, to be variable rate debt. We expect that approximately $299.5 million, or 70.8%, of our total indebtedness upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions will be subject to fixed interest rates for a minimum of four years. With respect to $61.8 million of our fixed rate indebtedness, we expect to swap this indebtedness with a proposed $61.8 variable rate mortgage due 2009 which we expect to bear interest at a variable rate equal to LIBOR plus 32 basis points. We have only one interest rate hedge instrument in place in an amount of $3.1 million.
If, after consideration of the interest rate cap agreement described above, LIBOR were to increase by 100 basis points, the increase in interest expense on the variable rate debt would decrease future earnings and cash flows by approximately $1.2 million annually as a result of the interest rate floor in place.
Interest risk amounts were determined by considering the impact of hypothetical interest rates on our financial instruments. These analyses do not consider the effect of any change in overall economic activity that could occur in that environment. Further, in the event of a change of that magnitude, we may take actions to further mitigate our exposure to the change. However, due to the uncertainty of the specific actions that would be taken and their possible effects, these analyses assume no changes in our financial structure.
The fair value of our debt outstanding as of March 31, 2004 was approximately $345.5 million.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
The following table summarizes our known contractual obligations as of December 31, 2003 (dollars in thousands):
Payments Due by Period at December 31, 2003 | |||||||||||||||
Total | Less than 1 Year |
1-3 Years | 4-5 Years | After 5 Years | |||||||||||
Operating leases |
$ | 16,371 | $ | 372 | $ | 756 | $ | 783 | $ | 14,460 | |||||
Mortgage debt |
273,808 | 160,141 | 88,451 | 13,946 | 11,270 | ||||||||||
Total contractual obligations |
$ | 290,179 | $ | 160,513 | $ | 89,207 | $ | 14,729 | $ | 25,730 | |||||
The following table summarizes our contractual obligations as of March 31, 2004 on a pro forma basis to reflect the obligations we expect to have following completion of the offering and the formation transactions (dollars in thousands):
Payments Due by Period at March 31, 2004 | |||||||||||||||
Total | Less than 1 Year |
1-3 Years | 4-5 Years | After 5 Years | |||||||||||
Operating leases |
$ | 28,762 | $ | 1,077 | $ | 3,247 | $ | 2,181 | $ | 22,257 | |||||
Mortgage debt |
423,308 | 26,154 | 52,824 | 152,372 | 195,958 | ||||||||||
Total contractual obligations |
$ | 452,070 | $ | 27,231 | $ | 56,071 | $ | 154,553 | $ | 218,215 | |||||
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We currently conduct our business relating to the ownership, operation, acquisition, development and redevelopment of self-storage properties through our predecessor, Extra Space Storage LLC, which is organized as a Delaware limited liability company, and certain affiliated companies. The ownership interests in Extra Space Storage LLC consist of Class A (voting and non-voting), Class B, Class C and Class E membership interests, which are held by Kenneth M. Woolley, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, and his affiliates, other members of our senior management team and their affiliates, certain of our employees, and other third-party investors. We refer to the Class A, Class B, Class C and Class E membership interests collectively as the membership interests. Our existing portfolio of properties is held directly by Extra Space Storage LLC, by its wholly owned subsidiaries or in joint ventures with third-party investors. A transfer of assets to the company will be accounted for at the predecessors historical cost as a transfer of assets between companies under common control.
Prior to or concurrently with the closing of the offering, we will engage in a series of transactions, which we refer to in this prospectus as the formation transactions, that are intended to reorganize our company, facilitate the offering, refinance our existing indebtedness and allow the owners of our predecessor and certain affiliated companies to exchange their existing membership interests for 8,095,003 shares of common stock, 1,573,557 OP units, 3,437,564 CCSs, 213,230 CCUs, which we refer to collectively in this section as equity securities and $26.8 million in cash. We will issue the CCSs and CCUs in exchange for the contribution by the owners of our predecessor in respect of their indirect interests in the 14 early-stage lease-up properties.
We discuss below the following significant elements of our formation transactions undertaken in connection with this offering:
Ø | formation of our company and our operating partnership; |
Ø | acquisition of our predecessor through contribution and exchange by members of Extra Space Storage LLC; |
Ø | two properties subject to transfer restrictions; |
Ø | joint venture restructuring; |
Ø | management company restructuring; |
Ø | distribution of early-stage development properties for which we retained a right of first refusal; |
Ø | other properties subject to first refusal rights; |
Ø | Centershift; |
Ø | acquisition of 29 additional properties; |
Ø | new property management arrangements; and |
Ø | debt refinancing. |
Formation of Our Company and Our Operating Partnership
We were organized on April 30, 2004 as a corporation under the laws of the State of Maryland. We intend to elect to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes beginning with our initial
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taxable year ending December 31, 2004. Kenneth M. Woolley, our Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Spencer F. Kirk, one of our directors, and members of our senior management team may be considered promoters of the offering. See ManagementDirectors and Executive Officers.
Extra Space Storage LP, our operating partnership, was organized as a limited partnership under the laws of the State of Delaware on May 5, 2004. Upon completion of the offering and the formation transactions, we will, through our qualified REIT subsidiaries, act as the operating partnerships sole general partner and will hold units of the operating partnerships limited partner interest.
Contribution and Exchange by Members of Extra Space Storage LLC
Prior to or concurrently with the closing of the offering, holders of membership interests in our predecessor, Extra Space Storage LLC, will contribute and exchange their membership interests as follows:
Ø | The existing holders of Class A, Class B, Class C and Class E membership interests in Extra Space Storage LLC will, pursuant to contribution and related agreements, contribute these membership interests to our company and/or our operating partnership in exchange for an aggregate of 8,095,003 shares of common stock, 1,573,557 OP units, 3,437,564 CCSs issued by us and/or 213,230 CCUs issued by our operating partnership, which we refer to collectively as equity securities. In addition, certain holders of Class A, Class B and Class C membership interests (none of whom are directors or executive officers of our company or their affiliates), pursuant to elections made by them, will redeem a portion or all of their interests from our predecessor for an aggregate of $26.8 million in cash to be funded out of |